Workers Compensation Act Contents

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Definitions

PART 1 Compensation to Workers and Dependants

Part 1 Division 1, Sections 2 to 4 Scope of this Part
Part 1 Division 2, Sections 5 to 16 Compensation
Part 1 Division 3, Sections 17 to 35 Scale of Compensation
Part 1 Division 4, Sections 36 to 52 Accident Fund and Assessments
Part 1 Division 5, Sections 53 to 78 Procedure and Miscellaneous
Part 1 Division 6, Sections 80 to 100 Workers' Compensation Board

PART 2 Liability of Employers in Industries Not Within the Scope of Part 1

Part 2, Sections 102 to 105

PART 3 Occupational Health and Safety

Part 3 Division 1, Sections 106 to 110 Interpretation and Purposes
Part 3 Division 2, Sections 111 to 114 Board Mandate
Part 3 Division 3, Sections 115 to 124 General Duties of Employers, Workers and Others
Part 3 Division 4, Sections 125 to 140 Joint Committees and Worker Representatives
Part 3 Division 5 Not in effect
Part 3 Division 6, Sections 150 to 153 Prohibition Against Discriminatory Action
Part 3 Division 7, Sections 154 to 157 Information and Confidentiality
Part 3 Division 8, Sections 158 to 163 Miscellaneous Authority
Part 3 Division 9, Sections 164 to 171 Variance Orders
Part 3 Division 10, Sections 172 to 177 Accident Reporting and Investigation
Part 3 Division 11, Sections 178 to 186 Inspections, Investigations and Inquiries
Part 3 Division 12, Sections 186.1 to 198 Enforcement
Part 3 Division 13 Reviews [Repealed]
Part 3 Division 14 Appeals [Repealed]
Part 3 Division 15, Sections 213 to 220 Offences
Part 3 Division 16, Sections 221 to 223 General
Part 3 Division 17, Sections 224 to 230 Regulations

PART 4 Appeals

Part 4 Division 1, Sections 231 to 238 Appeal Tribunal
Part 4 Division 2, Sections 239 to 244 Appeal Rights
Part 4 Division 3, Sections 245 to 253 Appeal Procedure
Part 4 Division 4, Sections 254 to 260 General

Definitions

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1 In this Act:

"accident" includes a wilful and intentional act, not being the act of the worker, and also includes a fortuitous event occasioned by a physical or natural cause;

"accident fund" means the fund provided for the payment of compensation, outlays and expenses referred to in section 36;

"appeal tribunal" means the Workers' Compensation Appeal Tribunal established under Part 4;

"average net earnings" means, with respect to a worker, the average net earnings of the worker as determined by the Board under sections 33.8 and 33.9;

"Board" means the Workers' Compensation Board;

"board of directors" means the board of directors appointed under section 81;

"chief review officer" means an officer of the Board who is appointed under section 96.2;

"compensation" includes health care;

"construction" includes reconstruction, repair, alteration and demolition;

"consumer price index" means the Consumer Price Index for Canada published by Statistics Canada under the Statistics Act (Canada);

"dependant" means a member of the family of a worker who was wholly or partly dependent on the worker's earnings at the time of the worker's death, or who but for the incapacity due to the accident would have been so dependent, and, except in section 17(3)(a) to (h), (9) and (13), includes a spouse, parent or child who satisfies the Board that he or she had a reasonable expectation of pecuniary benefit from the continuation of the life of the deceased worker;

"employer" includes every person having in their service under a contract of hiring or apprenticeship, written or oral, express or implied, a person engaged in work in or about an industry;

"employment", when used in Part 1, means and refers to all or part of an establishment, undertaking, trade or business within the scope of that Part, and in the case of an industry not as a whole within the scope of Part 1 includes a department or part of that industry that would if carried on separately be within the scope of Part 1;

"health care", when used in Part 1, includes the things which the Board under this Act is empowered to provide for injured workers;

"industry" includes establishment, undertaking, work, trade and business;

"initial payment period" means the period starting on the date of a worker's injury and ending on the last day of the 10th week for which compensation is payable under this Act to the worker for a temporary disability resulting from that injury;

"invalid" means physically or mentally incapable of earning;

"invalid child" includes a child who, though not an invalid at the date of death of the worker, becomes an invalid before otherwise ceasing to be entitled to compensation;

"manufacturing" includes making, preparing, altering, repairing, renovating, servicing, dyeing, cleaning, ornamenting, printing, finishing, packing, packaging, assembling the parts of and adapting for use or sale any raw material, goods, article or commodity;

"member of family" means

(a) a spouse, parent, grandparent, stepparent, child, grandchild, stepchild, sibling or half sibling, and

(b) a person who stood in the place of a parent to the worker or to whom the worker stood in place of a parent, whether related to the worker by blood or not;

"metalliferous mining industry" includes the operations of milling and concentrating, but does not include any other operation for the reduction of minerals;

"occupational disease" means

(a) a disease mentioned in Schedule B,

(b) a disease the Board may designate or recognize by regulation of general application,

(c) a disease the Board may designate or recognize by order dealing with a specific case, and

(d) the disease referred to in section 6.1(1.1) or (7) or a disease prescribed by regulation for the purposes of section 6.1(2), but only in respect of a worker to whom the presumption in any of those provisions applies, unless the disease is otherwise described by this definition,

and "disease" includes disablement resulting from exposure to contamination;

"person" includes, for the purpose of section 10, his or her personal representative;

"physician" means a person authorized under an enactment to practise in British Columbia as a medical practitioner;

"president" means the president of the Board appointed under section 84.1;

"qualified practitioner" means a person authorized under an enactment to practise in British Columbia as a chiropractor, a dentist, a naturopathic physician, a nurse practitioner or a podiatrist;

"reconsider" means to make a new decision in a matter previously decided where the new decision confirms, varies or cancels the previous decision or order;

"regulation", when used in Part 1 in relation to regulations of the Board, means rules and regulations made by the Board under that Part;

"retirement benefit" means the lump sum payable under section 23.3;

"review officer" means an officer of the Board who is appointed under section 96.2;

"specialist" means a physician residing and practising in the Province and listed by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada as having specialist qualifications;

"spouse" means a person who

(a) is married to another person, or

(b) has lived with another person in a marriage-like relationship for a period of at least

(i) 2 years, or

(ii) if the person has had a child with the other person, 1 year;

"surviving spouse" means a person who was a spouse of a worker when the worker died;

"worker" includes

(a) a person who has entered into or works under a contract of service or apprenticeship, written or oral, express or implied, whether by way of manual labour or otherwise;

(b) a person who is a learner, although not under a contract of service or apprenticeship, who becomes subject to the hazards of an industry within the scope of Part 1 for the purpose of undergoing training or probationary work specified or stipulated by the employer as a preliminary to employment;

(c) a member of a fire brigade or an ambulance driver or attendant working with or without remuneration, when serving

(i) a municipality, a regional district, an urban area, an improvement district, a board of school trustees, a francophone education authority as defined in the School Act, a library board or a parks board, or

(ii) a board or commission having the management or conduct of work or services on behalf of any of the bodies in subparagraph (i);

(d) in respect of the industry of mining, a person while the person is actually engaged in taking or attending a course of training or instruction in mine rescue work under the direction or with the written approval of an employer in whose employment the person is employed as a worker in that industry, or while, with the knowledge and consent of an employer in that industry, either express or implied, he or she is actually engaged in rescuing or protecting or attempting to rescue or protect life or property in the case of an explosion or accident which endangers either life or property in a mine, and this irrespective of whether during the time of his or her being so engaged the person is entitled to receive wages from the employer, or from any employer, or is performing the work or service as a volunteer;

(e) further, in respect of the industry of mining, a person while he or she is engaged as a member of the inspection committee, appointed or elected by the workers in the mine, to inspect the mine on behalf of the workers;

(f) an independent operator admitted by the Board under section 2(2); and

(g) a person deemed by the Board to be a worker under section 3(6).

Part 1 Division 1 - Scope of this Part

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2 Application

(1) This Part applies to all employers, as employers, and all workers in British Columbia except employers or workers exempted by order of the Board.

(2) The Board may direct that this Part applies on the terms specified in the Board's direction

(a) to an independent operator who is neither an employer nor a worker as though the independent operator was a worker, or

(b) to an employer as though the employer was a worker.

(3) The application of this Part under subsection (2) to an employer does not exempt the employer, as an employer, from the application of this Part.

3 Extending application

(1) to (3) [Repealed 1993-34-2.]

(4) Admissions under this section may be made at the time, in the manner, subject to the terms and conditions and for the period the Board considers adequate and proper.

(5) Where a person or group of persons carries on an undertaking that the Board thinks is in the public interest, the Board may, on the terms and conditions it directs,

(a) deem the person or group of persons, whether or not any of them receive payment for their services, to be workers for the purposes of this Act;

(b) on approval of the Lieutenant Governor in Council, deem the person or group of persons to be workers of the Crown in right of the Province; and

(c) where a person who is deemed to be a worker is not regularly employed, and having regard to all the circumstances, including his or her income, fix his or her average earnings at not less than $133.44 per week or more than the maximum wage rate provided under section 33.

(6) Where the Minister of Education, Skills and Training and the Minister of Labour approve a vocational or training program, and a school or other location as a place of that vocational or training program, the Board may, at the request of either minister, deem any person or class of persons enrolled in the program to be workers of the Crown in right of the Province and compensation under this Act is then payable out of the accident fund for injuries arising out of and in the course of training for those workers, but where the injury results in a period of temporary disability with no loss of earnings,

(a) a health care benefit only is payable except as provided in paragraph (b); and

(b) where training allowances paid by Canada or the Province are suspended, the Board may, for the period it considers advisable, pay compensation in the amount of the training allowance.

(7) Where a person or group of persons is engaged in a work study program or other program of self improvement involving work, whether or not the person or group receives payment for the work, the Board may

(a) on the application of an employer or a program organizer, and on the terms and conditions the Board directs, by order, admit the person or group as being within the scope of this Part, and, on admission, the person or group is deemed to be a worker or workers to whom this Part applies, and the Board may levy assessments on the employer or program organizer by the formula the Board determines; or

(b) with the approval of the Lieutenant Governor in Council, deem a person or group engaged in the program to be workers of the Crown in right of the Province, on the terms and conditions the Board determines.

4 Fishing industry

(1) The Lieutenant Governor in Council may make regulations to

(a) define the terms used in this section, and, for this purpose, the term "fish" may be defined to include any species of animal living in water, and the term "commercial fisher" may be defined to include the master and crew of a fishing vessel, the master and crew of a fish packing vessel and any other person who contributes in any manner to the catching or landing of fish for sale or commercial use;

(b) provide that any provision of Part 1 relating to workers applies or may be applied to any commercial fishers working in or out of British Columbia ports, or on or about the waters of British Columbia, or resident in the Province, notwithstanding that they may not otherwise be workers under this Act;

(c) provide that any provision of Part 1 relating to employers applies or may be applied to any commercial buyers or other commercial recipients of fish, or to any person engaged in the Province in transmitting payments to commercial fishers, notwithstanding that they may not otherwise be employers under this Act, and, to the extent the regulations provide, each buyer, recipient or payor is deemed to be the employer of all commercial fishers who contributed in any manner to the catching or landing of the fish bought, obtained or paid for by or through that person;

(d) provide that methods of calculating and levying assessments additional to or different from the methods otherwise provided under Part 1 may be used for levying assessments for the purposes of this Part on commercial buyers and other commercial recipients of fish, and on a person engaged in the Province in transmitting payments to commercial fishers for fish whether landed in the Province or elsewhere;

(e) create obligations, different from the terms of this Act, on commercial buyers and commercial recipients of fish, and masters of fishing vessels, to report to the Board injuries and occupational diseases sustained by commercial fishers, and to provide transportation for initial medical treatment;

(f) exclude a portion of the fishing industry or a category of workers or employers in that industry to whom a provision of this Part would otherwise apply from the application of that provision, and to substitute provisions contained in regulations made under this section; and

(g) delegate to the Board to the extent the regulations provide any power conferred by this section.

(2) Where it appears to the Board that a provision of this Act or of a regulation made under another section of this Act is inappropriate or unworkable in relation to commercial fishers, the fishing industry or commercial buyers, or other commercial recipients of the fish, the Board may, by regulation, make the rules and give the decisions it considers fair and appropriate having regard to the intent that all commercial fishers must as far as possible receive the benefit of and be subject to Part 1.

(3) Where the death of a commercial fisher resident in British Columbia arises out of and in the course of his or her occupation in the Province or waters off the Province after January 1, 1975, and the death is not otherwise compensable under this Part, the Board may treat the death in the same manner as if the commercial fisher were a worker employed by the Crown in right of the Province.

Part 1 Division 2 - Compensation

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5 Compensation for personal injury

(1) Where, in an industry within the scope of this Part, personal injury or death arising out of and in the course of the employment is caused to a worker, compensation as provided by this Part must be paid by the Board out of the accident fund.

(2) Where an injury disables a worker from earning full wages at the work at which the worker was employed, compensation is payable under this Part from the first working day following the day of the injury; but a health care benefit only is payable under this Part in respect of the day of the injury.

(3) Where the injury is attributable solely to the serious and wilful misconduct of the worker, compensation is not payable unless the injury results in death or serious or permanent disablement.

(4) In cases where the injury is caused by accident, where the accident arose out of the employment, unless the contrary is shown, it must be presumed that it occurred in the course of the employment; and where the accident occurred in the course of the employment, unless the contrary is shown, it must be presumed that it arose out of the employment.

(5) Where the personal injury or disease is superimposed on an already existing disability, compensation must be allowed only for the proportion of the disability following the personal injury or disease that may reasonably be attributed to the personal injury or disease. The measure of the disability attributable to the personal injury or disease must, unless it is otherwise shown, be the amount of the difference between the worker's disability before and disability after the occurrence of the personal injury or disease.

5.1 Mental disorder

(1) Subject to subsection (2), a worker is entitled to compensation for a mental disorder that does not result from an injury for which the worker is otherwise entitled to compensation, only if the mental disorder

(a) either

(i) is a reaction to one or more traumatic events arising out of and in the course of the worker's employment, or

(ii) is predominantly caused by a significant work-related stressor, including bullying or harassment, or a cumulative series of significant work-related stressors, arising out of and in the course of the worker's employment,

(b) is diagnosed by a psychiatrist or psychologist as a mental or physical condition that is described in the most recent American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders at the time of the diagnosis, and

(c) is not caused by a decision of the worker's employer relating to the worker's employment, including a decision to change the work to be performed or the working conditions, to discipline the worker or to terminate the worker's employment.

(2) The Board may require that a psychiatrist or psychologist appointed by the Board review a diagnosis made for the purposes of subsection (1)(b) and may consider that review in determining whether a worker is entitled to compensation for a mental disorder.

(3) Section 56(1) applies to a psychiatrist or psychologist who makes a diagnosis referred to in this section.

(4) In this section:

"psychiatrist" means a physician who is recognized by the College of Physicians and Surgeons of British Columbia, or another accredited body recognized by the Board, as being a specialist in psychiatry;

"psychologist" means a person who is registered as a member of the College of Psychologists of British Columbia established under section 15(1) of the Health Professions Act or a person who is entitled to practise as a psychologist under the laws of another province.

6 Occupational disease

(1) Where

(a) a worker suffers from an occupational disease and is thereby disabled from earning full wages at the work at which the worker was employed or the death of a worker is caused by an occupational disease; and

(b) the disease is due to the nature of any employment in which the worker was employed, whether under one or more employments,

compensation is payable under this Part as if the disease were a personal injury arising out of and in the course of that employment. A health care benefit may be paid although the worker is not disabled from earning full wages at the work at which he or she was employed.

(2) The date of disablement must be treated as the occurrence of the injury.

(3) If the worker at or immediately before the date of the disablement was employed in a process or industry mentioned in the second column of Schedule B, and the disease contracted is the disease in the first column of the schedule set opposite to the description of the process, the disease is deemed to have been due to the nature of that employment unless the contrary is proved.

(4) [Repealed 2002-56-3.]

(4.1) The Board may, by regulation,

(a) add to or delete from Schedule B a disease that, in the opinion of the Board, is an occupational disease,

(b) add to or delete from Schedule B a process or an industry, and

(c) set terms, conditions and limitations for the purposes of paragraphs (a) and (b).

(4.2) Despite subsection (4.1), the Board may designate or recognize a disease as being a disease that is peculiar to or characteristic of a particular process, trade or occupation on the terms and conditions and with the limitations set by the Board.

(5) [Repealed 1998-50-2.]

(6) [Repealed 1994-24-2.]

(7) "Silicosis" means a fibrotic condition of the lungs caused by the inhalation of silica dust.

(8) A worker in the metalliferous mining industry or coal mining industry who becomes disabled from uncomplicated silicosis or from silicosis complicated with tuberculosis is entitled to compensation for total or partial disability as provided by this Part, and where death results from the disability, the dependants of the worker are entitled to compensation as provided by this Part; but neither a worker nor a dependant is entitled to compensation for the disability or death unless the worker

(a) has been a resident of the Province for a period of at least 3 years last preceding the disablement, or unless at least 2/3 of the worker's exposure to dust containing silica was in the Province;

(b) was free from silicosis and tuberculosis before being first exposed to dust containing silica in the metalliferous mining or coal mining industry in this Province; and

(c) has been a worker exposed to dust containing silica in the metalliferous mining or coal mining industry in the Province for a period or periods aggregating 3 years preceding his or her disablement, or for a lesser period if the worker was not exposed to dust containing silica anywhere except in this Province.

(9) If the worker has been exposed to the inhalation of dust containing silica in 2 or more classes or subclasses of industry in the Province, the Board may apportion the cost of compensation among the funds provided by those classes or subclasses on the basis of the duration and severity of the exposure in each.

(10) When a worker has sustained pulmonary injury by a disabling form of pneumoconiosis as a result of exposure to dust conditions that are deemed by the Board to have contributed to the development of the disease in employment in the Province in an industry in which that disease is an occupational disease under this Part, the worker or the worker's dependants is or are entitled to compensation only if the worker was free from pneumoconiosis and tuberculosis before being first exposed to those dust conditions in the Province, and if the worker's residence and exposure to the dust conditions have been of the duration required to entitle a worker to compensation for silicosis under subsection (8), and the cost of compensation may be apportioned in the manner provided by subsection (9).

(11) Where a deceased worker was, at the date of his or her death, under the age of 70 years and suffering from an occupational disease of a type that impairs the capacity of function of the lungs, and where the death was caused by some ailment or impairment of the lungs or heart of non-traumatic origin, it must be conclusively presumed that the death resulted from the occupational disease.

6.1 Firefighters' occupational disease or personal injury presumption

(1) In subsections (1.1) to (4) of this section, "firefighter" means a member of a fire brigade who is

(a) described by paragraph (c) of the definition of "worker", and

(b) assigned primarily to fire suppression duties, whether or not those duties include the performance of ambulance or rescue services.

(1.1) If a worker who is or has been a firefighter contracts primary site lung cancer, the disease must be presumed to be due to the nature of the worker's employment as a firefighter, unless the contrary is proved.

(2) If a worker who is or has been a firefighter contracts a prescribed disease, the disease must be presumed to be due to the nature of the worker's employment as a firefighter, unless the contrary is proved.

(3) The presumptions in subsections (1.1) and (2) apply only to a worker who

(a) has worked as a firefighter for the minimum cumulative period prescribed for the disease, which minimum cumulative period may be defined differently, and be different, for different categories of firefighters,

(b) throughout that period, has been regularly exposed to the hazards of a fire scene, other than a forest fire scene, and

(c) is first disabled from the disease on or after the following date, as applicable:

(i) in the case of a disease that, on or before the date this subparagraph comes into force, was prescribed by regulation for the purposes of subsection (2), April 11, 2005;

(ii) in the case of primary site lung cancer, May 27, 2008;

(iii) in the case of a disease that, after the date this subparagraph comes into force, is prescribed by regulation for the purposes of subsection (2), the date on which that regulation takes effect.

(3.1) In addition to the requirements of subsection (3), the presumption for a primary site lung cancer applies only if

(a) the worker has, in his or her lifetime, smoked a combined total of fewer than 365 cigarettes, cigars and pipes, or

(b) the worker has been a non-smoker of tobacco products immediately before the date on which the worker is first disabled from that disease for the minimum period that may be prescribed, which minimum period may be different for different types or amounts of previous tobacco product usage.

(4) The Lieutenant Governor in Council may make regulations for the purposes of subsections (2), (3)(a) and (3.1)(b).

(5) [Repealed 2009-7-2.]

(6) In subsections (7) to (9) of this section:

"firefighter" means a worker who is a member of a fire brigade and is assigned primarily to fire suppression duties, whether or not those duties include the performance of ambulance or rescue services;

"heart disease" includes disease of the pericardium or coronary arteries;

"heart injury" includes heart attack, cardiac arrest or arrhythmia.

(7) If a worker is disabled as a result of a heart disease and was employed as a firefighter at or immediately before the date of disablement from the heart disease, the heart disease must be presumed to be due to the nature of the worker's employment as a firefighter, unless the contrary is proved.

(8) If a worker is disabled as a result of a heart injury and was employed as a firefighter at or immediately before the date of disablement from the heart injury, the heart injury must be presumed to have arisen out of and in the course of the worker's employment as a firefighter, unless the contrary is proved.

(9) The presumptions in subsections (7) and (8) apply only to a worker who

(a) has been regularly exposed, throughout the worker's employment as a firefighter, to the hazards of a fire scene, and

(b) is first disabled as a result of the heart disease or heart injury, as the case may be, on or after the date this subsection comes into force.

6.2 Emergency Intervention Disclosure Act

(1) In this section:

"applicant" means an applicant, as defined in the Emergency Intervention Disclosure Act, who has obtained a testing order under that Act respecting a source individual;

"communicable disease" means a communicable disease prescribed for the purposes of the Emergency Intervention Disclosure Act;

"source individual" has the same meaning as in the Emergency Intervention Disclosure Act.

(2) If a worker who is an applicant has contracted a communicable disease, it must be presumed, unless there is evidence to the contrary, that the communicable disease is due to the nature of the worker's employment, if

(a) the worker came into contact with the bodily substance of the source individual in the course of the worker's employment, and

(b) test results obtained under a testing order made under the Emergency Intervention Disclosure Act indicate that the source individual is infected with a pathogen that causes the communicable disease contracted by the applicant.

7 Loss of hearing

(1) Where a worker suffers loss of hearing of non-traumatic origin, but arising out of and in the course of employment under this Part, that is a greater loss than the minimum set out in Schedule D, the worker is entitled to compensation under this Part.

(2) Where the loss of hearing amounts to total deafness measured in the manner set out in Schedule D, but with no loss of earnings resulting from the loss of hearing, compensation must be calculated as for a disability equivalent to 15% of total disability under this Part.

(3) Where the loss of hearing does not amount to total deafness, and there is no loss of earnings resulting from the loss of hearing, compensation must be calculated as for a lesser percentage of total disability, and, unless otherwise ordered by the Board, must be based on the percentages set out in Schedule D.

(3.1) The Board may make regulations to amend Schedule D in respect of

(a) the ranges of hearing loss,

(b) the percentages of disability, and

(c) the methods or frequencies to be used to measure hearing loss.

(4) If a loss or reduction of earnings results from the loss of hearing, the worker is entitled to compensation for a total or partial disability as established under this Part.

(4.1) Compensation paid for a worker's loss of hearing under subsection (4) must not be less than the amount determined under subsection (2) or (3).

(5) Compensation under this section is not payable in respect of a period prior to September 1, 1975; but future compensation under this section is payable in respect of loss of hearing sustained by exposure to causes of hearing loss in the Province either before or after that date, unless the exposure to causes of hearing loss terminated prior to that date.

(6) An application for compensation under this section must be accompanied or supported by a specialist's report and audiogram or by other evidence of loss of hearing that the Board prescribes.

(7) Where a worker suffers loss of hearing caused by exposure to causes of hearing loss in 2 or more classes or subclasses of industry in the Province, the Board may apportion the cost of compensation among the funds provided by those classes or subclasses on the basis of the duration or severity of the exposure in each.

8 Injuries happening out of Province

(1) Where the injury of a worker occurs while the worker is working elsewhere than in the Province which would entitle the worker or the worker's dependants to compensation under this Part if it occurred in the Province, the Board must pay compensation under this Part if

(a) a place of business of the employer is situate in the Province;

(b) the residence and usual place of employment of the worker are in the Province;

(c) the employment is such that the worker is required to work both in and out of the Province; and

(d) the employment of the worker out of the Province has immediately followed the worker's employment by the same employer within the Province and has lasted less than 6 months,

but not otherwise.

(2) [Repealed 1994-24-4.]

8.1 Interjurisdictional agreements and arrangements by the Board

(1) The Board may enter into an agreement or make an arrangement with Canada, a province or the appropriate authority of Canada or a province to provide for

(a) compensation, rehabilitation and health care to workers in accordance with the standards established under this Act or corresponding legislation in other jurisdictions,

(b) administrative co-operation and assistance between jurisdictions in all matters under this Act and corresponding legislation in other jurisdictions, or

(c) avoidance of duplication of assessments on workers' earnings.

(2) An agreement or arrangement under subsection (1) may

(a) waive or modify a residence or exposure requirement for eligibility for compensation, rehabilitation or health care, or

(b) provide for payment to the appropriate authority of Canada or a province for compensation, rehabilitation costs, or health care costs paid by it.

9 Election

(1) Where by the law of the country or place in which the injury or occupational disease occurs the worker or the worker's dependants are entitled to compensation in respect of it, they must elect whether they will claim compensation under the law of that country or place or under this Part, and to give notice of the election. If the election is not made and notice given, it must be presumed that they have elected not to claim compensation under this Part; but if there is in existence an agreement entered into, or arrangement made, under section 8.1, any right of election is subject to the terms of that agreement or arrangement.

(2) Notice of the election must be given to the Board within 3 months after the occurrence of the injury or disablement from occupational disease, or, if it results in death, within 3 months after the death, or within any longer period that either before or after the expiration of the 3 months the Board allows.

10 Limitation of actions, election and subrogation

(1) The provisions of this Part are in lieu of any right and rights of action, statutory or otherwise, founded on a breach of duty of care or any other cause of action, whether that duty or cause of action is imposed by or arises by reason of law or contract, express or implied, to which a worker, dependant or member of the family of the worker is or may be entitled against the employer of the worker, or against any employer within the scope of this Part, or against any worker, in respect of any personal injury, disablement or death arising out of and in the course of employment and no action in respect of it lies. This provision applies only when the action or conduct of the employer, the employer's servant or agent, or the worker, which caused the breach of duty arose out of and in the course of employment within the scope of this Part.

(2) Where the cause of the injury, disablement or death of a worker is such that an action lies against some person, other than an employer or worker within the scope of this Part, the worker or dependant may claim compensation or may bring an action. If the worker or dependant elects to claim compensation, he or she must do so within 3 months of the occurrence of the injury or any longer period that the Board allows.

(3) Where the Board is satisfied that due to the worker's physical or mental disability a worker is unable to exercise his or her right of election, and undue hardship will result, it may pay the compensation provided by this Part until the worker is able to make an election. If the worker then elects not to claim compensation, no further compensation may be paid, but the compensation so paid is a first charge against any sum recovered.

(4) An application filed by a parent, guardian or the Official Guardian for compensation for the infant child of a deceased worker is a valid election on behalf of that child.

(5) If after trial, or after settlement out of court with the written approval of the Board, less is recovered and collected than the amount of the compensation to which the worker or dependant would be entitled under this Part, the worker or dependant is entitled to compensation under this Part to the extent of the amount of the difference.

(6) If the worker or dependant applies to the Board claiming compensation under this Part, neither the making of the application nor the payment of compensation under it restricts or impairs any right of action against the party liable, but as to every such claim the Board is subrogated to the rights of the worker or dependant and may maintain an action in the name of the worker or dependant or in the name of the Board; and if more is recovered and collected than the amount of the compensation to which the worker or dependant would be entitled under this Part, the amount of the excess, less costs and administration charges, must be paid to the worker or dependant. The Board has exclusive jurisdiction to determine whether to maintain an action or compromise the right of action, and its decision is final and conclusive.

(7) If, in an action brought by a worker or dependant of a worker or by the Board, it is found that the injury, disablement or death, as the case may be, was due partly to a breach of duty of care of one or more employers or workers under this Part, no damages, contributions or indemnity are recoverable for the portion of the loss or damage caused by the negligence of that employer or worker; but the portion of the loss or damage caused by that negligence must be determined although the employer or worker is not a party to the action.

(8) The provisions of this Part are in lieu of any right of action that the employer of the injured or deceased worker is or may, in respect of the personal injury or death of the worker, be entitled to maintain against another employer within the scope of this Part, or an independent operator to whom this Part applies by direction under section 2(2)(a); but where the Board considers that

(a) a substantial amount of compensation has been awarded as a result of the injury or death of the worker; and

(b) the injury or death was caused or substantially contributed to by a serious breach of duty of care of an employer or an independent operator to whom this Part applies by direction under section 2(2)(a) in another class or subclass,

the Board may order that the compensation be charged, in whole or in part, to the other class or subclass; but the provisions of this subsection do not affect any right which an employer may have against another employer, or an independent operator to whom this Part applies by direction under section 2(2)(a), arising out of their indemnity agreement or contract.

(9) For the purpose of this section, "worker" includes an employer admitted under section 2(2).

(10) In an action brought under this section, an award for damages is to include

(a) health care provided under this Part; and

(b) wages and salary paid by an employer during the period of disability for which regard has been had by the Board, or would have been had if the worker had elected to claim compensation, in fixing the amount of a periodical payment of compensation.

(11) Costs may, notwithstanding that a salaried employee of the Board acts as its solicitor or counsel, be awarded to and collected by the Board in an action taken by the Board under this section.

11 Repealed

[Repealed 2002-66-2.]

12 Worker who is minor is sui jurisa

A worker under the age of 19 years is sui juris for the purpose of this Part, and no other person has a cause of action or right to compensation for the personal injury or disablement except as expressly provided in this Part.

13 Compensation cannot be waived

(1) A worker may not agree with his or her employer to waive or to forego any benefit to which the worker or the worker's dependants are or may become entitled under this Part, and every agreement to that end is void.

(2) [Repealed 1998-50-3.]

14 No contribution from workers

(1) It is not lawful for an employer, either directly or indirectly, to deduct from the wages of the employer's worker any part of a sum which the employer is or may become liable to pay into the accident fund or otherwise under this Part, or to require or to permit the worker to contribute in any manner toward indemnifying the employer against a liability which the employer has incurred or may incur under this Part.

(2) Every person who contravenes subsection (1) commits an offence against this Part and is liable to repay to the worker any sum which has been so deducted from his or her wages or which he or she has been required or permitted to pay in contravention of subsection (1).

15 Compensation not assignable or liable to attachment

A sum payable as compensation or by way of commutation of a periodic payment in respect of it is not capable of being assigned, charged or attached, nor must it pass by operation of law except to a personal representative, and a claim must not be set off against it, except for money advanced by way of financial or other social welfare assistance owing to the Province or to a municipality, or for money owing to the accident fund.

16 Vocational rehabilitation

(1) To aid in getting injured workers back to work or to assist in lessening or removing a resulting handicap, the Board may take the measures and make the expenditures from the accident fund that it considers necessary or expedient, regardless of the date on which the worker first became entitled to compensation.

(2) Where compensation is payable under this Part as the result of the death of a worker, the Board may make provisions and expenditures for the training or retraining of a surviving dependent spouse, regardless of the date of death.

(3) The Board may, where it considers it advisable, provide counselling and placement services to dependants.

Part 1 Division 3 - Scale of Compensation

• + Add to My Handbook

17 Compensation in fatal cases

(1) In this section

"child" means

(a) a child under the age of 19 years, including a child of the deceased worker yet unborn;

(b) an invalid child of any age; and

(c) a child under the age of 25 years who is regularly attending an academic, technical or vocational place of education,

and "children" has a similar meaning;

"federal benefits" means the benefits paid for a dependant under the Canada Pension Plan as a result of a worker's death, other than the death benefit payable to the estate of a worker under section 57 of that Act.

(2) Where compensation is payable as the result of the death of a worker or as the result of injury resulting in the death,

(a) in addition to any other compensation payable under this section, an amount in respect of funeral and related expenses, as determined in accordance with the policies of the board of directors, must be paid out of the accident fund,

(b) the employer of the worker must bear the cost of transporting the body to the nearest business premises where funeral services are provided, and

(c) if burial does not take place there, the costs of any additional transportation, up to a maximum determined in accordance with the policies of the board of directors, may be paid out of the accident fund.

(2.1) No action for an amount larger than that established by subsection (2) lies in respect of the funeral, burial or cremation of the worker or cemetery charges in connection with it.

(3) Where compensation is payable as the result of the death of a worker or of injury resulting in such death, compensation must be paid to the dependants of the deceased worker as follows:

(a) where the dependants are a surviving spouse and 2 or more children, a monthly payment of a sum that, when combined with 50% of the federal benefits payable to or for those dependants, would equal the total of

(i) the monthly rate of compensation under this Part that would have been payable if the deceased worker had, at the date of death, sustained a permanent total disability, subject to the minimum set out in paragraph (g); and

(ii) $350.83 per month for each child beyond 2 in number;

(b) where the dependants are a surviving spouse and one child, a monthly payment of a sum that, when combined with 50% of the federal benefits payable to or for those dependants, would equal 85% of the monthly rate of compensation under this Part that would have been payable if the deceased worker had, at the date of death, sustained a permanent total disability, subject to the minimum set out in paragraph (g);

(c) where the dependant is a surviving spouse who, at the date of death of the worker, is 50 years of age or over, or is an invalid spouse, a monthly payment of a sum that, when combined with 50% of the federal benefits payable to or for that dependant, would equal 60% of the monthly rate of compensation under this Part that would have been payable if the deceased worker had, at the date of death, sustained a permanent total disability, but the monthly payments must not be less than $1 133.74;

(d) where the dependant, at the date of death of the worker, is a surviving spouse who is not an invalid and is under the age of 50 years, and there are no dependent children, a monthly payment of a sum that, when combined with 50% of the federal benefits payable to or for that dependant, would equal the product of

(i) the percentage determined by subtracting 1% from 60% for each year that the age of that dependant, at the date of death of the worker, is under the age of 50 years, and

(ii) the monthly rate of compensation under this Part that would have been payable if the deceased worker had, at the date of death, sustained a permanent total disability,

but the percentage determined under subparagraph (i) must not be less than 30% and the monthly payments must not be less than $1 133.74;

(e) [Repealed 2003-65-17.]

(f) where there is no surviving spouse eligible for monthly payments under this section, and

(i) the dependant is a child, a monthly payment of a sum that, when combined with 50% of the federal benefits to or for that child, would equal 40% of the monthly rate of compensation under this Part that would have been payable if the deceased worker had, at the date of death, sustained a permanent total disability;

(ii) the dependants are 2 children, a monthly payment of a sum that, when combined with 50% of the federal benefits payable to or for those children, would equal 50% of the monthly rate of compensation under this Part that would have been payable if the deceased worker had, at the date of death, sustained a permanent total disability; or

(iii) the dependants are 3 or more children, a monthly payment of a sum that, when combined with 50% of the federal benefits payable to or for those children, would equal the total of

(A) 60% of the monthly rate of compensation under this Part that would have been payable if the deceased worker had, at the date of death, sustained a permanent total disability; and

(B) $350.83 per month for each child beyond 3 in number,

subject, in all cases, to the minimum set out in paragraph (g);

(g) the minimum allowances payable under paragraphs (a), (b) and (f) must be the allowances that would be payable if the allowances were calculated under those paragraphs in respect of a deceased worker with average earnings of $37 797.17 per annum;

(h) where there is

(i) no dependent spouse or child entitled to compensation under this section, but a worker leaves other dependants, a sum reasonable and proportionate to the pecuniary loss suffered by those dependants by reason of the death, to be determined by the Board, but not exceeding in the whole $620.94 per month for life or a lesser period as determined by the Board; or

(ii) a dependent spouse, or a dependent child or children, entitled to compensation under this section, but not a spouse and child or children, and, in addition, the worker leaves a dependent parent or parents, then, in addition to the compensation payable to the spouse or children, a sum, reasonable and proportionate to the pecuniary loss suffered by the dependent parent or parents by the death, to be determined by the Board, but not exceeding $620.94 per month for life or a lesser period as determined by the Board;

(i) where

(i) no compensation is payable under the foregoing provisions of this subsection; or

(ii) the compensation is payable only to a spouse, a child or children or a parent or parents,

but the worker leaves a spouse, child or parent who, though not dependent on the worker's earnings at the time of the worker's death, had a reasonable expectation of pecuniary benefit from the continuation of the life of the worker, payments, at the discretion of the Board, to that spouse, child or children, parent or parents, but not to more than one of those categories, not exceeding $620.94 per month for life or a lesser period determined by the Board; and

(j) where the worker leaves no dependent surviving spouse, or the surviving spouse subsequently dies, and the Board considers it desirable to continue the existing household, and when a suitable person acts as a foster parent in keeping up the household and taking care of and maintaining the children entitled to compensation, in a manner satisfactory to the Board, the same allowance is payable to the foster parent and children as would have been payable to a surviving spouse and children, and must continue as long as those conditions continue.

(4) Where an invalid spouse ceases to be an invalid, or a surviving spouse with dependent children no longer has dependent children or there is a reduction in the number of dependent children, the surviving spouse or children is then entitled to the same category of benefits as would have been payable if the death of the worker had occurred on the date the invalid spouse ceases to be an invalid or the surviving spouse no longer has dependent children, or the number of dependent children is reduced, as the case may be.

(5) Where there is a surviving spouse and a child or children, and the surviving spouse subsequently dies, the allowances to the children must, if they are in other respects eligible, continue and be calculated in the same manner as if the worker had died leaving no dependent spouse.

(6) Where at the date of death a spouse is not an invalid, but is suffering from a disability that results in a substantial impairment of earning capacity, the Board may, having regard to the degree of disability or the extent of impairment of earning capacity, pay the spouse a proportion of the compensation that would have been payable if the spouse had been an invalid.

(7) Where 2 workers are spouses and both are contributing to the support of a common household, each is deemed to be a dependant of the other.

(8) Where parents contribute to the support of a common household at which their children also reside, the children are deemed to be dependants of the parent whose death is compensable under this Part.

(9) Where compensation is payable as the result of the death of a worker, or of injury resulting in death, and where at the date of death the worker and dependent spouse were living separate and apart, and

(a) there was in force at the date of death a court order or separation agreement providing periodic payments for support of the dependent spouse, or children living with that spouse, no compensation under subsection (3) is payable to the spouse or children living with the spouse; but monthly payments must be made in respect of that spouse and those children equal to the periodic payments due under the order or agreement; or

(b) there was no court order or separation agreement in force at the date of death providing periodic payments for support of the dependent spouse, or children living with that spouse, and

(i) the worker and dependent spouse were living separate and apart for a period of less than 3 months preceding the date of death of the worker, compensation is payable as provided in subsection (3); or

(ii) the worker and dependent spouse were separated with the intention of living separate and apart for a period of 3 months or longer preceding the death of the worker, monthly payments must be made up to the level of support which the Board believes the spouse and those children would have been likely to receive from the worker if the death had not occurred.

(10) Compensation payable under subsection (9) must never exceed the compensation that would have been payable under subsection (3) if there had been no separation.

(11) Compensation under this section is payable to a surviving spouse described in paragraph (b) of the definition of "spouse" only if a worker was living with and contributing to the support and maintenance of the spouse immediately preceding the worker's death.

(12) If

(a) a worker has left both

(i) a dependent surviving spouse described in paragraph (a) of the definition of "spouse" from whom, at the date of death, the worker was living separate and apart, and

(ii) a surviving spouse described in paragraph (b) of the definition of "spouse", with whom the worker was living, and to whose support and maintenance the worker was contributing, immediately preceding the worker's death, and

(b) there is a difference in

(i) the amount of compensation payable to the spouse referred to in paragraph (a)(i) of this subsection by reason of the separation, and

(ii) the amount of compensation that would have been payable to that person if that person and the worker had not been living separate and apart,

the Board may pay compensation, up to the amount of the difference, to the spouse referred to in paragraph (a)(ii) of this subsection.

(13) In addition to any other compensation provided, a dependent surviving spouse, common law spouse or foster parent in Canada to whom compensation is payable is entitled to a lump sum of $2 699.88.

(14) Where in any situation there is a need to apportion allowances payable to dependants among those dependants, the formula for apportionment must be at the discretion of the Board; but, unless the Board has grounds for a different apportionment, the apportionment must be:

(a) where there is a dependent spouse and one child, 2/3 to the dependent spouse and 1/3 to the child;

(b) where there is a dependent spouse and more than one child, 1/2 to the dependent spouse and 1/2 among the children in equal shares; and

(c) where there are children but no dependent spouse, among the children in equal shares.

(15) Where personal injury to, disablement of or death of a worker occurs in the course of the worker's employment as a direct result of enemy warlike action or counteraction taken against it and provision has been made for compensation in respect of it for the worker or the worker's dependants by the government of Canada, the worker or the dependants are entitled to compensation under this Part only when the compensation provided by the government of Canada is less than that provided by this Act, and then only to the extent of the difference.

(16) If a dependant is entitled to receive compensation

(a) as a result of the death of a worker, and

(b) as a result of the subsequent death of another worker,

the total compensation payable for the dependant as a result of those deaths is an amount that the Board considers appropriate.

(16.1) The compensation payable for a dependant under subsection (16) must not

(a) be less than the highest of the amounts that would otherwise be payable in respect of the death of any of the workers, and

(b) be more than 90% of the average net earnings of a worker whose wage rate is the maximum wage rate established under section 33(6) and (7) for the year in which the last death referred to in subsection (16)(b) occurred.

(16.2) For the purposes of subsection (16.1), "average net earnings" means the average net earnings calculated in accordance with section 33.8.

(17) Where a situation arises that is not expressly covered by this section, or where some special additional facts are present that would, in the Board's opinion, make the strict application of this section inappropriate, the Board must make rules and give decisions it considers fair, using this section as a guideline.

18 Addition to payments

(1) Where, on July 1, 1974,

(a) compensation is being paid to dependants in respect of deaths occurring prior to that date;

(b) those dependants are not receiving or entitled to receive benefits under the Canada Pension Plan; and

(c) the dependant is a widow who is 50 years of age or over, or is an invalid spouse, or the dependants are children, or a widow and children,

there must be added to the monthly payments the sum of $469.77 for each such dependent spouse and $145.82 for each dependent child.

(2) Where dependants would qualify for the increases in subsection (1) but for the fact that they are receiving or entitled to receive benefits under the Canada Pension Plan, and where the amount of benefits under the Canada Pension Plan is less than the amounts set out in subsection (1), the monthly payments payable to those dependants under this Part must be increased by the amount by which the benefits under the Canada Pension Plan are less.

19 Surviving spouse of a deceased worker

(1) In this subsection and subsections (2) and (2.1)

"former subsection" means the section 19(1) that came into force on April 17, 1985 or the section 19(4) repealed in 1994;

"interest" means interest calculated at a rate and in a manner set by the Board for the purposes of this section;

"monthly payments" mean monthly payments under this Act to a widow, widower, former common law wife or former common law husband of a deceased worker;

"person" does not include a widow or former common law wife of a deceased worker if the widow or former common law wife remarried or entered into a new common law relationship before April 17, 1985.

(2) A person whose monthly payments were discontinued by application of a former subsection is entitled to

(a) monthly payments beginning on the later of

(i) the expiry of the 2 year period for which payment was made under the former subsection, or

(ii) the repeal of the former subsection,

(b) the amount, if any, by which, during the period from April 17, 1985 to the beginning of monthly payments under paragraph (a), the total amount of compensation described by section 17 that the person would have received if the former subsection had not been in force exceeds the sum paid to the person under the former subsection, and

(c) interest on any amount payable under paragraph (b).

(2.1) In calculating monthly payments for the purposes of subsection (2), adjustments are deemed to have been made under section 25, as it read immediately before being amended by the Workers Compensation Amendment Act, 2002, for the months the former subsection was in force.

(3) [Repealed 1985-68-122.]

(4) [Repealed 1994-24-7.]

Period for making payments under sections 17 to 19

19.1 The Board must make periodic payments under section 17, 18 or 19 for the life of the person to whom the payment is to be made, unless a shorter period applies under section 17, 18 or 19, as the case may be.

20 Proof of existence of dependants

The Board may from time to time require the proof of the existence and condition of dependants in receipt of compensation payments that is deemed necessary by the Board, and pending the receipt of that proof may withhold further payments.

21 Health care

(1) In addition to the other compensation provided by this Part, the Board may furnish or provide for the injured worker any medical, surgical, hospital, nursing and other care or treatment, transportation, medicines, crutches and apparatus, including artificial members, that it may consider reasonably necessary at the time of the injury, and thereafter during the disability to cure and relieve from the effects of the injury or alleviate those effects, and the Board may adopt rules and regulations with respect to furnishing health care to injured workers entitled to it and for the payment of it. The Board may make a daily allowance to an injured worker for the worker's subsistence when, under its direction, the worker is undergoing treatment at a place other than the place where he or she resides, and the power of the Board to make a daily allowance for subsistence under this section extends to an injured worker who receives compensation, regardless of the date the worker first became entitled to compensation.

(2) Where in a case of emergency, or for other justifiable cause, a physician or qualified practitioner other than the one provided by the Board is called in to treat the injured worker, and if the Board finds there was a justifiable cause and that the charge for the services is reasonable, the cost of the services must be paid by the Board.

(3) The Board may in its discretion authorize employers to furnish or provide health care at the expense of the Board and on terms fixed by it. Every employer must, at the employer's own expense, furnish to a worker injured in the employer's employment, when necessary, immediate conveyance and transportation to a hospital, physician or qualified practitioner for initial treatment.

(4) Where a worker received, before April 1, 1972, health care under

(a) the Canada Shipping Act; or

(b) a health care plan approved by the Board,

the worker is entitled to receive, in accordance with this section, additional health care.

(5) Where additional health care is provided by the Board under subsection (4), its cost may be charged in the manner the Board considers proper.

(6) Health care furnished or provided under any of the preceding subsections of this section must at all times be subject to the direction, supervision and control of the Board; and the Board may contract with physicians, nurses or other persons authorized to treat human ailments, hospitals and other institutions for any health care required, and to agree on a scale of fees or remuneration for that health care; and all questions as to the necessity, character and sufficiency of health care to be furnished must be determined by the Board. The fees or remuneration for health care furnished under this Act must not be more than would be properly and reasonably charged the worker if the worker were paying, and the amount must be fixed and determined by the Board, and no action for an amount larger than that fixed by the Board lies in respect of health care.

(7) Without limiting the power of the Board under this section to supervise and provide for the furnishing of health care in every case where it considers the exercise of that power is expedient, the Board must permit health care to be administered, so far as the selection of a physician or qualified practitioner is concerned, by the physician or qualified practitioner who may be selected or employed by the injured worker.

(8) The Board may assume the responsibility of replacement and repair of

(a) artificial appliances, including artificial members damaged or broken as the result of an accident arising out of and in the course of the employment of the worker; and

(b) eyeglasses, dentures and hearing aids broken as a result of an accident arising out of and in the course of employment if that breakage is accompanied by objective signs of personal injury, or, where there is no personal injury, if the accident is otherwise corroborated and the Board is satisfied the worker was not at fault.

(9) Where an injury to a worker results in serious impairment of the worker's sight, the Board may, to protect the worker's remaining vision, provide the worker with protective eyeglasses.

22 Permanent total disability

(1) Subject to sections 34 and 35, if a permanent total disability results from a worker's injury, the Board must pay the worker compensation that is a periodic payment that equals 90% of the worker's average net earnings.

(2) The compensation awarded under this section must not be less than $1 734.85 per month.

23 Permanent partial disability or disfigurement

(1) Subject to subsections (3) to (3.2) and sections 34 and 35, if a permanent partial disability results from a worker's injury, the Board must

(a) estimate the impairment of earning capacity from the nature and degree of the injury, and

(b) pay the worker compensation that is a periodic payment that equals 90% of the Board's estimate of the loss of average net earnings resulting from the impairment.

(2) The Board may compile a rating schedule of percentages of impairment of earning capacity for specified injuries or mutilations which may be used as a guide in determining the compensation payable in permanent disability cases.

(3) Subject to sections 34 and 35, if

(a) a permanent partial disability results from a worker's injury, and

(b) the Board makes a determination under subsection (3.1) with respect to the worker,

the Board may pay the worker compensation that is a periodic payment that equals 90% of the difference between

(c) the average net earnings of the worker before the injury, and

(d) whichever of the following amounts the Board considers better represents the worker's loss of earnings:

(i) the average net earnings that the worker is earning after the injury;

(ii) the average net earnings that the Board estimates the worker is capable of earning in a suitable occupation after the injury.

(3.1) A payment may be made under subsection (3) only if the Board determines that the combined effect of the worker's occupation at the time of the injury and the worker's disability resulting from the injury is so exceptional that an amount determined under subsection (1) does not appropriately compensate the worker for the injury.

(3.2) In making a determination under subsection (3.1), the Board must consider the ability of the worker to continue in the worker's occupation at the time of the injury or to adapt to another suitable occupation.

(4) Where permanent partial disability results from the injury, the minimum compensation awarded under this section must be calculated in the same manner as provided by section 29(2) for temporary total disability but to the extent only of the partial disability.

(5) Where the worker has suffered a serious and permanent disfigurement which the Board considers is capable of impairing the worker's earning capacity, a lump sum in compensation may be paid, although the amount the worker was earning before the injury has not been diminished.

23.1 Period of payment for total or partial disability

Compensation payable under section 22(1), 23(1) or (3), 29(1) or 30(1) may be paid to a worker, only

(a) if the worker is less than 63 years of age on the date of the injury, until the later of the following:

(i) the date the worker reaches 65 years of age;

(ii) if the Board is satisfied the worker would retire after reaching 65 years of age, the date the worker would retire, as determined by the Board, and

(b) if the worker is 63 years of age or older on the date of the injury, until the later of the following:

(i) 2 years after the date of the injury;

(ii) if the Board is satisfied that the worker would retire after the date referred to in subparagraph (i), the date the worker would retire, as determined by the Board.

23.2 Retirement benefits

(1) This section applies to a worker who is receiving periodic payments under section 22(1) or 23(1) or (3).

(2) The Board must set aside, at the time a periodic payment is made to a worker, an amount that

(a) is equal to 5% of the periodic payment, and

(b) is in addition to the periodic payment.

(3) A worker may apply to the Board to contribute to the amount set aside or to be set aside under subsection (2) an amount that is not less than 1% and not greater than 5% of each subsequent periodic payment made to the worker.

(4) Subject to subsection (5), if the worker makes an application under subsection (3), the Board must, as soon as practicable, deduct the amount of the worker's contribution from each subsequent periodic payment made to the worker and add this contribution to the amount set aside under subsection (2).

(5) The deductions made by the Board under subsection (4) may not be varied, except in response to an application by the worker to stop the deductions.

(6) A worker may only once

(a) make an application under subsection (3), and

(b) apply to stop the deductions.

(7) An application made under subsection (3) or (5) must be made in a form acceptable to the Board.

(8) The Board must provide each worker annually with a statement containing all relevant information about the funds accumulated by the Board for payment of the worker's retirement benefit.

23.3 Payment of retirement benefits

(1) Subject to subsection (3), on the date determined under subsection (2), a worker is entitled to receive a lump sum that equals the total of

(a) the amounts set aside for payment to the worker under section 23.2(2),

(b) the contributions, if any, made by the worker under section 23.2(4), and

(c) the accumulated investment income earned on those amounts and contributions.

(2) A worker's entitlement under subsection (1) is effective

(a) subject to paragraph (b), on the date the worker reaches 65 years of age, or

(b) on the date of the last periodic payment to the worker, if that date is after the date the worker reaches 65 years of age.

(3) Despite section 35(4), if a worker dies before receiving his or her retirement benefit under subsection (1), the Board must pay the lump sum to which the worker is entitled under that subsection to

(a) a beneficiary designated by the worker, or

(b) the worker's estate, if a beneficiary is not designated.

23.4 Handling of money to be paid as retirement benefit

(1) The Board must establish a reserve in the accident fund into which the amounts and contributions referred to in section 23.2(2) and (4) must be deposited.

(2) The funds deposited in the reserve must be held and invested in the name of the reserve and those investments must clearly indicate that they are held in that reserve for payment of retirement benefits under section 23.3.

(3) If approved by the board of directors and on terms set by the Board, the Board may authorize a financial institution, as defined in the Financial Institutions Act, or a bank to administer the reserve referred to in subsection (1), and a financial institution or bank that is so authorized must comply with the relevant provisions of this Part as if it were the Board.

23.5 Retirement services and supports

(1) If a worker has a permanent total disability, the Board must assess, within the 3 month period before the retirement benefit is payable to the worker, the need or continued need of the worker for services and personal supports under sections 16 and 21.

(2) After the assessment under subsection (1) is completed, the Board must take all actions necessary to provide to the worker, for his or her life, the services and personal supports under sections 16 and 21 that the Board considers are necessary.

(3) This section does not limit the power of the Board to otherwise provide services and personal supports to workers at any time under sections 16 and 21.

24 Reconsidering benefits

(1) Despite section 96(1), this section applies to the claims for compensation that the Board may by regulation determine, provided that

(a) the worker is still suffering from a compensable disability sustained more than 10 years before the application under subsection (2); and

(b) a permanent disability award was made by the Board based on a percentage of total disability of 12% or greater, or the case is of a kind in which the Board uses a projected loss of earnings method in calculating compensation.

(2) With respect to a claim for compensation to which this section applies, the Board must, on application by the worker, reconsider the compensation benefits; and, if it decides that, in its opinion, the worker is not receiving adequate compensation having regard to the projected loss of income resulting from the disability, periodic payments must be established or raised accordingly.

(3) Where a worker is under the age of 65 years, compensation is considered adequate for the purposes of this section if it equals 75% of the projected loss of earnings resulting from the disability.

(4) Where a worker is 65 years of age or over, compensation is considered adequate for the purposes of this section if it equals 75% of the projected loss of retirement income resulting from the disability.

(5) Where a worker is under the age of 65 years, periodic payments established or raised under this section are subject to readjustment by reference to subsection (4) on attaining the age of 65 years.

(6) The calculation of benefits under this section must be made in the manner the Board determines.

(7) Notwithstanding that a worker suffering a permanent disability has received an award that has been wholly or partly commuted, or an award for a fixed term, the worker may apply under this section, but the worker is deemed to be still receiving the periodic payments that have been commuted, or the life equivalent of the periodic payments made for a fixed term.

(8) Section 31 applies to the calculation of compensation under this section; but the calculation must not be limited by reference to average earnings at the time of injury.

(9) The periodic payments awarded to a worker following a reconsideration under this section must not exceed the maximum the Board would award to a worker in an occupational category similar to the occupation of the applicant worker before the injury if he or she had, at the effective date of the reconsideration under this section, suffered a compensable disability similar to the compensable disability being suffered by the applicant worker.

(10) A worker may reapply under this section for reconsideration of his or her compensation benefits after a further 10 years have elapsed since the last previous application under this section.

(11) Where a worker whose disability occurred before January 1, 1965 applies under this section within one year of the earliest date on which the worker becomes eligible to do so, an increase or establishment of benefits under this section is effective from September 1, 1975, and in all other cases the effective date for the commencement of an increase or establishment of benefits under this section is the date the application is received at the Board.

(12) A decision under this section must not result in periodic payments to a worker being lower than they would be if no application had ever been made under this section.

25 General indexing factor

(1) For the purposes of this section, the Board must, as of January 1 of each year,

(a) determine the percentage change in the consumer price index for Canada, for all items, for the 12 month period ending on October 31 of the previous year, as published by Statistics Canada, and

(b) subtract 1% from the percentage change determined under paragraph (a).

(2) The percentage resulting from calculations made under subsection (1) must not be greater than 4% or less than 0%.

(3) On January 1 of each year, the Board must adjust, in accordance with subsection (4), the periodic payments of compensation made in respect of an injury or a death occurring more than 12 months before the date of the adjustment.

(4) For the purposes of subsection (3), the Board must adjust the periodic payments of compensation to be paid in that calendar year for the injury or death by the percentage determined under subsection (1).

(5) If the Board starts or restarts periodic payments of compensation for an injury or a death that occurred more than 12 months before the payments are started or restarted, the Board must, under this section, adjust all periodic payments as if the payments were made continuously from the date of injury or death.

25.1 Repealed

[Repealed 2003-65-19.]

25.2 Variation of dollar amounts

(1) Subject to subsection (3), the Board must adjust every dollar amount referred to in this Act on January 1 of each year by applying the percentage change in the consumer price index for Canada, for all items, for the 12 month period ending on October 31 of the previous year, as published by Statistics Canada.

(2) On the Board making an adjustment of a dollar amount under subsection (1), the dollar amount referred to in this Act is deemed to be amended.

(3) Subsection (1) does not apply to a dollar amount referred to in section 33(4), (6), (8) and (10).

25.3 Repealed

[Repealed 2003-65-21.]

26 Transitional

(1) Where periodical payments for permanent disability were awarded by the Board prior to January 1, 1966, and where

(a) the award was for a percentage of total disability of 12% or greater, and the whole of the periodical payments was commuted prior to that date;

(b) a portion of the periodical payments equivalent to 12% of total disability or greater was commuted prior to that date; or

(c) the award was for a percentage of total disability of 12% or greater and was of periodical payments for a fixed term,

and where the worker to whom the award had been made is still suffering from the disability, the Board may, on the application of the worker, establish new periodic payments, which are to commence for the month in which the application is received at the Board.

(2) Where the award was for a fixed term that has not expired or been commuted, this section applies on expiry of the term.

(3) In order to calculate the rate of new periodic payments to be established under this section, the Board must determine

(a) the monthly payments that would have been payable on January 1, 1966 if the award had been of periodic payments for life and there had been no commutation, or, where the commutation was partial, the additional rate of monthly payments that would have been payable on that date if there had been no commutation; and

(b) the additional amount of monthly payments that would have been payable for the month during which the application is received by way of increases on the amounts calculated under paragraph (a) if those amounts had continued to be due; namely, the total of all increases that would have been made from January 1, 1966 to and including the last day of the month preceding the date the application is received.

(4) The rate of the new periodical payments to be established under this section must be the amount calculated under subsection (3)(b); but future adjustments under section 25 must be based on the sum of the amounts calculated under subsection (3)(a) and (b).

(5) This section does not apply where the purpose of the section has been achieved as a result of an application under section 24 or in some other way.

27 Transitional

Where dependants are receiving or are eligible to receive periodic payments in respect of the death of a worker occurring prior to July 1, 1974, and in respect of which payments there was no provision prior to that date for increases according to the consumer price index, those periodical payments must be adjusted as of August 1, 1975, so that after that date the periodical payments will be at the same rate as if the provisions of the Act relating to increases according to the consumer price index between January 1, 1966 and July 1, 1974 had been applicable.

28 Publish in Gazette

There must be published in the Gazette amendments to the Act resulting from changes in the consumer price index.

29 Temporary total disability

(1) Subject to sections 34(1) and 35(1), (4) and (5), if a temporary total disability results from a worker's injury, the Board must pay the worker compensation that is a periodic payment that equals 90% of the worker's average net earnings.

(2) The compensation awarded under this section must not be less than an amount equal to $400.29 per week, unless the worker's average earnings are less than that sum per week, in which case the worker must receive compensation in an amount equal to the worker's average earnings.

30 Temporary partial disability

(1) Subject to sections 34(1) and 35(1), (4) and (5), if a temporary partial disability results from a worker's injury, the Board must pay the worker compensation that is a periodic payment that equals 90% of the difference between

(a) the worker's average net earnings before the injury, and

(b) whichever of the following amounts the Board considers better represents the worker's loss of earnings:

(i) the average net earnings that the worker is earning after the injury;

(ii) the average net earnings that the Board estimates the worker is capable of earning in a suitable occupation after the injury.

(2) Where temporary partial disability results from the injury, the minimum compensation awarded under this section must be calculated in the same manner as prescribed by section 29(2) for temporary total disability but to the extent only of the partial disability.

31 Maximum compensation

(1) Where a worker is receiving compensation for a permanent or temporary disability, the worker must not receive compensation for a further or other disability in an amount that would result in the worker receiving in the aggregate compensation in excess of the maximum payable for total disability.

(2) Where a worker has received a lump sum in lieu of the periodic payments that otherwise would have been payable for a permanent disability, the worker is, for the purposes of subsection (1), deemed to be still in receipt of the periodic payments.

31.1 Termination of periodic payments

Despite section 23.1, the Board may not make a periodic payment to a worker under section 22(1), 23(1) or (3), 29(1) or 30(1) if the worker ceases to have the disability for which the periodic payment is to be made.

32 Recurrence of disability

(1) For the purpose of determining the amount of compensation payable where there is a recurrence of temporary total disability or temporary partial disability after a lapse of 3 years following the occurrence of the injury, the Board may calculate the compensation as if the recurrence were the happening of the injury if it considers that by doing so the compensation payable would more nearly represent the percentage of actual loss of earnings suffered by the worker by reason of the recurrence of the injury.

(2) Where a worker has been awarded compensation for permanent partial disability for the original injury and compensation for recurrence of temporary total disability under subsection (1) is calculated by reference to the average earnings of the worker at the date of the recurrence, the compensation must be without deduction of the compensation payable for the permanent partial disability; but the total compensation payable must not exceed the maximum payable under this Part at the date of the recurrence.

(3) Where more than 3 years after an injury a permanent disability or an increased degree of permanent disability occurs, the compensation payable for the permanent disability or increased degree of permanent disability may be calculated by reference to the average earnings of the worker at the date of the occurrence of the permanent disability or increased degree of permanent disability.

33 Average earnings

(1) The Board must determine the amount of average earnings and the earning capacity of a worker with reference to the worker's average earnings and earning capacity at the time of the worker's injury.

(2) Subject to section 3(5), the Board must determine the amount of average earnings of a worker in accordance with this section and sections 33.1 to 33.7.

(3) A determination of the amount of average earnings of a worker under sections 33.1 to 33.7 may not exceed the maximum wage rate as determined under subsections (6) to (10).

(3.1) The Board must not include the following in determining the amount of average earnings of a worker:

(a) the employer's payments on behalf of the worker for

(i) contributions payable under the Canada Pension Plan,

(ii) premiums payable under the Employment Insurance Act (Canada), and

(iii) contributions to a retirement, pension, health and welfare, life insurance or another benefit plan for the worker or the worker's dependants;

(b) special expenses or allowances paid to the worker because of the nature of the worker's employment.

(3.2) The Board may include, in determining the amount of average earnings of a worker, income from employment benefits payable to the worker under the Employment Insurance Act (Canada) during the period for which average earnings are determined, only if, in the Board's opinion, the worker's employment during that period was in an occupation or industry that results in recurring seasonal or recurring temporary interruptions of employment.

(4) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Act, all periodic payments awarded as compensation for permanent partial disability to workers injured prior to March 18, 1943, who, on January 1, 1955, or after that are in receipt of those periodical payments must be calculated or recalculated at a rate of 66 2/3% of average earnings of not less than $2 000 nor more than $2 500 per annum; but compensation is not payable under this subsection for a period prior to January 1, 1955.

(5) The compensation payable to workers who, on July 1, 1974, are in receipt of compensation for permanent total disability must not be less than $1 734.85 per month.

(6) Until changed under subsection (7), the maximum wage rate under subsection (1) is $11 200 per year. [Note: see subsection (10).]

(7) Prior to the end of each calendar year, the Board must determine the maximum wage rate to be applicable for the following calendar year.

(8) The maximum wage rate to be determined under subsection (7) must be an amount that the Board thinks represents the same relationship to the sum of $11 200 as the annual average of wages and salaries in the Province for the year preceding that in which the determination is made bears to the annual average of wages and salaries for the year 1972; and the resulting figure may be rounded to the nearest $100. [Note: see subsection (10).]

(9) For the purpose of determining annual average of wages and salaries under subsection (8), the Board may use data published or supplied by Statistics Canada.

(10) Where a worker is injured after December 31, 1985, the references in subsections (6) and (8) to $11 200 must be read as references to $40 000, and the reference in subsection (8) to 1972 must be read as a reference to 1984.

33.1 General rule for determination of average earnings

(1) Subject to sections 33.5 to 33.7, the Board must determine, for the shorter of the following periods, the amount of average earnings of a worker based on the rate at which the worker was remunerated by each of the employers for whom he or she was employed at the time of the injury:

(a) the initial payment period;

(b) the period starting on the date of the worker's injury and ending on the date the worker's injury results in a permanent disability, as determined by the Board.

(2) Subject to sections 33.2 to 33.7, if a worker's disability continues after the end of the period referred to in subsection (1)(a) and (b) that is shorter for the worker, the Board must, for the period starting after the end of that shorter period, determine the amount of average earnings of the worker based on the worker's gross earnings, as determined by the Board, for the 12 month period immediately preceding the date of injury.

(3) If 2 or more sections of sections 33.2 to 33.7 apply to the same worker for the same injury, the Board must determine the section that best reflects the worker's circumstances and apply that section.

33.2 Exception to section 33.1(2) — apprentice or learner

(1) This section applies to a worker who, at the time of injury, is an apprentice in a trade, an occupation or a profession, or is a person referred to in paragraph (b) of the definition of "worker".

(2) If a worker's injury results in a temporary disability that continues after the initial payment period, the Board must, for the period starting after the end of the initial payment period, determine the amount of average earnings of the worker based on the greater of the following:

(a) the rate at which the worker was remunerated by each of the employers for whom he or she was employed at the time of the injury;

(b) the worker's gross earnings, as determined by the Board, for the 12 month period immediately preceding the date of injury.

(3) If a worker's injury results in a permanent disability, the Board must, for the period starting on the date, as determined by the Board, that the injury resulted in a permanent disability, determine the amount of average earnings of the worker based on the gross earnings, as determined by the Board, for the 12 month period immediately preceding the date of injury, of a qualified person employed at the starting rate in the same trade, occupation or profession

(a) by the same employer, or

(b) if no person is so employed, by an employer in the same region.

33.3 Exception to section 33.1(2) — employed less than 12 months

In the case of a worker employed, on other than a casual or temporary basis, by the employer for less than 12 months immediately preceding the date of the injury, the Board's determination of the amount of average earnings under section 33.1(2) must be based on the gross earnings, as determined by the Board, for the 12 month period immediately preceding the date of injury, of a person of similar status employed in the same type and classification of employment

(a) by the same employer, or

(b) if no person is so employed, by an employer in the same region.

33.4 Exception to section 33.1(2) — exceptional circumstances

(1) If exceptional circumstances exist such that the Board considers that the application of section 33.1(2) would be inequitable, the Board's determination of the amount of average earnings of a worker may be based on an amount that the Board considers best reflects the worker's loss of earnings.

(2) Subsection (1) does not apply in the circumstances described in section 33.2, 33.3, 33.5 or 33.6.

33.5 Exception to section 33.1 — casual worker

If a worker's pattern of employment at the time of the injury is casual in nature, the Board's determination of the amount of average earnings under section 33.1 from the date of injury must be based on the worker's gross earnings, as determined by the Board, for the 12 month period immediately preceding the date of injury.

33.6 Exception to section 33.1 — person with coverage under section 2(2)

If an independent operator or employer, to whom the Board directs that this Part applies under section 2(2), has purchased coverage under this Act, the Board must determine the amount of average earnings under section 33.1 from the date of injury based on the gross earnings for which coverage is purchased.

33.7 Exception to section 33.1 — person without earnings

If a worker had no earnings at the time of the injury, the Board must determine the amount of average earnings of a worker under section 33.1 from the date of injury in a manner that the Board considers appropriate.

33.8 Determination of average net earnings — initial period of injury

(1) In this section, "allowable deductions" means the deductions estimated by the Board under this section, based on the worker's earnings, for the following:

(a) premiums payable by a worker under the Employment Insurance Act (Canada);

(b) contributions payable by a worker under the Canada Pension Plan;

(c) probable income taxes payable by a worker under the Income Tax Act and the Income Tax Act (Canada).

(2) This section applies to the determination of average net earnings for a worker for whichever of the following periods is shorter for the worker:

(a) the initial payment period;

(b) the period starting on the date of the worker's injury and ending on the date the worker's injury results in a permanent disability, as determined by the Board.

(3) In order to determine a worker's average net earnings under this section, the Board must subtract the worker's allowable deductions for the immediately preceding calendar year from the worker's average earnings, as determined under sections 33.1 to 33.7.

(4) For the purposes of this section, premiums and contributions referred to in subsection (1)(a) and (b) are deemed to be payable by all workers.

(5) To estimate the probable income taxes for the purposes of this section, the Board must assume that

(a) the following deductions under the Income Tax Act and the Income Tax Act (Canada) are made for a worker:

(i) the amounts that may be deducted under section 4.3(1)(c) of the Income Tax Act and section 118(1)(c) of the Income Tax Act (Canada), multiplied by 1.5;

(ii) the amounts that may be deducted under section 4.64 of the Income Tax Act and section 118.7 of the Income Tax Act (Canada), and

(b) no other deductions may be made for a worker under the Acts referred to in paragraph (a).

33.9 Determination of average net earnings — long term injury

(1) In this section, "allowable deductions" means the deductions estimated by the Board under this section, based on the worker's earnings, for the following:

(a) if premiums are payable by the worker under the Employment Insurance Act (Canada), those premiums;

(b) if contributions are payable by the worker under the Canada Pension Plan, those contributions;

(c) unless a worker is exempt from, or not subject to, the taxes imposed by the Income Tax Act and the Income Tax Act (Canada), probable income taxes payable by the worker under the Income Tax Act and the Income Tax Act (Canada).

(2) This section applies to the determination of average net earnings for a worker starting after the end of the period referred to in section 33.8(2)(a) and (b) that is shorter for the worker.

(3) In order to determine a worker's average net earnings under this section, the Board must subtract the worker's allowable deductions for the immediately preceding calendar year from the worker's average earnings, as determined under sections 33.1 to 33.7.

(4) To estimate the probable income taxes for the purposes of this section, the Board must assume that the following are the only deductions that may be made for a worker under the Income Tax Act and the Income Tax Act (Canada):

(a) the amounts that may be deducted under section 4.3(1)(c) of the Income Tax Act and section 118(1)(c) of the Income Tax Act (Canada);

(b) the amounts that may be deducted under section 4.64 of the Income Tax Act and section 118.7 of the Income Tax Act (Canada);

(c) the amounts that may be deducted under section 4.3(1)(a), (b) or (e) of the Income Tax Act and section 118(1)(a), (b) or (d) of the Income Tax Act (Canada).

Schedule or procedure for determining average net earnings 33.91(1) The Board may establish for each calendar year one or more schedules of allowable deductions, or procedures for determining allowable deductions, that may be used as a guide to determining the allowable deductions under sections 33.8 and 33.9.

(2) The Board is not required to consider a worker's actual circumstances

(a) in establishing a schedule or procedure under subsection (1), or

(b) in calculating the average net earnings of a worker under section 33.8 and 33.9.

34 Deduction from compensation in certain cases

(1) In fixing the amount of a periodic payment of compensation, consideration must be had to payments, allowances or benefits which the worker may receive from the worker's employer during the period of the disability, including a pension, gratuity or other allowance provided wholly at the expense of the employer, and a sum deducted under this section from the compensation otherwise payable may be paid to the employer out of the accident fund.

(2) Subject to sections 7(4.1), 22(2) and 23(4), the Board must deduct, from the amount of a periodic payment of compensation paid to a worker under section 22(1) or 23(1) or (3) for an injury, an amount equal to 50% of any disability benefit that the worker is paid in respect of the injury under the Canada Pension Plan.

35 Manner of payment of compensation

(1) Payments of compensation must be made periodically at the times and in the manner and form the Board considers advisable and, in the case of minors or persons of unsound mind who the Board considers are incapable of managing their own affairs, may be made to the persons that the Board thinks are best qualified in all the circumstances to administer the payments, whether or not the person to whom the payment is made is the legal guardian of the person in respect of whom the payment is being made.

(2) The Board may in its discretion

(a) commute all or part of the future amounts that are to be set aside for payment of a retirement benefit and the periodic payments due or payable to the worker to one or more lump sum payments, to be applied as directed by the Board; and

(b) divide into periodic payments compensation payable in a lump sum.

(3) In case of death or permanent total disability or in case of permanent partial disability where the impairment of the earning capacity of the worker exceeds 10% of the worker's earning capacity at the time of the injury, commutation of periodic payments must not be made under subsection (2) except on the application of and at an amount agreed to by the dependant or worker entitled to the payments.

(4) Any compensation owing or accrued to a worker or pensioner for a period not exceeding 3 months before his or her death may, at the discretion of the Board, be paid to a surviving spouse or a person who takes charge of the funeral arrangements, free from debts of the deceased.

(5) Where a worker is receiving custodial care in a hospital or elsewhere, periodical payments of compensation due to the worker under this Part may be paid to or for the benefit of

(a) the worker to the extent the worker is able to make use of the money for his or her personal needs or is able to manage his or her own affairs; or

(b) any person who is dependent on the worker for support,

or in a case of temporary disability of the worker may be

(c) applied to the maintenance of a home to which the worker is likely to return on his or her recovery; or

(d) accumulated by the Board for payment to the worker on his or her recovery,

or in a case of permanent disability may be applied toward the cost of the worker's maintenance, but, in that case and where the worker is conscious, there must be paid to, or for the use of, the worker a comfort allowance of at least $239.19 out of each periodic payment.

(6) Subsection (5) applies, regardless of the date of the injury.

35.1 Transitional

(1) In this section, "transition date" means the date that this section comes into force.

(2) Subject to subsection (7), this Act, as amended by the Workers Compensation Amendment Act, 2002, applies to an injury that occurs on or after the transition date.

(3) Subject to subsections (4) to (8), this Act, as it read immediately before the transition date, applies to an injury that occurred before the transition date.

(4) Subject to subsections (5) to (8), if a worker's permanent disability first occurs on or after the transition date, as a result of an injury that occurred before the transition date, this Act, as amended by the Workers Compensation Amendment Act, 2002, applies to the permanent disability.

(5) For the purposes of subsection (4), sections 22(1) and 23 of this Act, as amended by the Workers Compensation Amendment Act, 2002, apply as if

(a) all references, other than references in section 23(3)(d)(i),

(i) to 90% were read as 75%, and

(ii) to "average net earnings" were read as "average earnings determined under this Act immediately before the transition date", and

(b) section 23(3)(d)(i) read as follows:

(i) the average earnings that the worker is earning after the injury, as determined under this Act immediately before the transition date.

(6) Section 34(2) of this Act, as enacted by the Workers Compensation Amendment Act, 2002, does not apply in the circumstances described in subsection (4).

(7) Subject to section 19(2.1) of this Act, section 25 of this Act, as that section read on the date section 35.2(5) came into force, applies to compensation paid on or after that date to a worker, irrespective of the date the worker was injured.

(8) If a worker has, on or after the transition date, a recurrence of a disability that results from an injury that occurred before the transition date, the Board must determine compensation for the recurrence based on this Act, as amended by the Workers Compensation Amendment Act, 2002.

35.2 Transitional — death of worker

(1) In this section, "transition date" means the date on which this section comes into force.

(2) Subject to subsection (5), this Act, as amended by the Skills Development and Labour Statutes Amendment Act, 2003, applies to the death of a worker that occurs on or after June 30, 2002.

(3) Subject to subsections (5) and (6), this Act, as it read immediately before June 30, 2002, applies to the death of a worker that occurred before June 30, 2002.

(4) Subject to subsections (5) and (6), in recalculating compensation under section 17(4) or (5), the Board must, if the actual date of the death of a worker was before June 30, 2002, base the recalculation on this Act as it read immediately before June 30, 2002.

(5) Subject to section 19(2.1) of this Act, section 25 of this Act, as amended by the Skills Development and Labour Statutes Amendment Act, 2003, applies to compensation paid on or after the transition date in respect of the death of a worker irrespective of the date the worker died.

(6) Commencing on the transition date, for the purposes of applying subsections (3) and (4), the Board must adjust the dollar amounts referred to in sections 17 and 18 and Schedule C of this Act, as it read immediately before June 30, 2002, in accordance with section 25.2(1), as amended by the Skills Development and Labour Statutes Amendment Act, 2003.

(7) In applying section 17, as amended by Skills Development and Labour Statutes Amendment Act, 2003, to a death that occurred on or after June 30, 2002 but before the transition date, the Board must consider payments paid before the transition date.

Part 1 Division 4 - Accident Fund and Assessments

• + Add to My Handbook

36 Accident fund

(1) The Board must continue and maintain the accident fund for payment of the compensation, outlays and expenses under this Part and for payment of expenses incurred in administering Part 3 of this Act.

(2) The Board is solely responsible for the management of the accident fund and must manage it with a view to the best interests of the workers' compensation system.

37 Classification of industries

(1) The following classes are established for the purpose of assessment in order to maintain the accident fund:

Class 1: Primary resource

Class 2: Manufacturing

Class 3: Construction

Class 4: Transportation and warehousing

Class 5: Trade

Class 6: Public services

Class 7: General services

Class 8: Canadian Airlines International Ltd., Canadian Pacific Hotels Corporation, Canadian Pacific Railway Company, Cominco Ltd.

Class 9: The Burlington Northern and Santa Fe Railway Company

Class 10: Air Canada, Canadian National Railway Company, Via Rail Canada Inc.

Class 11: British Columbia Assessment Authority, British Columbia Emergency Health Services, British Columbia Ferry Corporation, British Columbia Railway Company, Government of British Columbia, Workers' Compensation Board of British Columbia.

(2) The Board may do one or more of the following:

(a) create new classes in addition to those referred to in subsection (1);

(b) divide classes into subclasses and divide subclasses into further subclasses;

(c) consolidate or rearrange any existing classes and subclasses;

(d) assign an employer, independent operator or industry to one or more classes or subclasses;

(e) withdraw from a class

(i) an employer, independent operator or industry,

(ii) a part of the class, or

(iii) a subclass or part of a subclass,

and transfer it to another class or subclass or form it into a separate class or subclass;

(f) withdraw from a subclass

(i) an employer, independent operator or industry,

(ii) a part of the subclass, or

(iii) another subclass or part of another subclass,

and transfer it to another class or subclass or form it into a separate class or subclass.

(3) If the Board exercises authority under subsection (2), it may make the adjustment and disposition of the funds, reserves and accounts of the classes and subclasses affected that the Board considers just and expedient.

(4) Without limiting subsection (2) or (3), for the purposes of transition in relation to the classes established by subsection (1) as enacted by section 31 of the Labour Statutes Amendment Act, 1999, the Board may

(a) assign or reassign employers, independent operators or industries to those classes as the Board considers advisable, and

(b) make the adjustment and disposition of the funds, reserves and accounts of the pre-existing classes that the Board considers advisable.

38 Employer to furnish estimate of payrolls

(1) Every employer must

(a) keep at all times at some place in the Province, the location of which the employer has given notice to the Board, complete and accurate particulars of the employer's payrolls;

(b) cause to be furnished to the Board

(i) when the employer becomes an employer within the scope of this Part; and,

(ii) at other times as required by a regulation of the Board of general application or an order of the Board limited to a specific employer,

an estimate of the probable amount of the payroll of each of the employer's industries within the scope of this Part, together with any further information required by the Board; and

(c) furnish certified copies of reports of the employer's payrolls, at or after the close of each calendar year and at the other times and in the manner required by the Board.

(2) Where the employer fails to comply with subsection (1), the employer is liable to pay and must pay as a penalty for the default a percentage of the assessment prescribed by the regulations or determined by the Board, and the Board may make its own estimate of the payrolls and may make its assessment and levy on that estimate, and the employer is bound by it.

(3) In computing the amount of the payroll for the purpose of assessment, regard must be had only to that portion of the payroll that represents workers and employment within the scope of this Part. Where the wages of a worker exceed the maximum wage for one year as fixed for the time being under section 33, a deduction may be made where practical in respect of the excess; and where the wages of a worker are shown to exceed the above maximum wage rate, the Board may make a deduction where practical in respect of the portion in excess of that rate; and where a worker within the scope of this Part works at a nominal wage or no wage, the amount of the worker's average earnings for purposes of this Part may be fixed by the Board.

(4) If an employer does not comply with subsection (1), or if a statement made in pursuance of its requirements is not true and accurate, the employer, for every failure to comply and for every such statement, commits an offence against this Part.

39 Assessment for accident fund

(1) For the purpose of creating and maintaining an adequate accident fund, the Board must every year assess and levy on and collect from independent operators and employers in each class, by assessment rated on the payroll, or by assessment rated on a unit of production, or in a manner the Board considers proper, sufficient funds, according to an estimate to be made by the Board to

(a) meet all amounts payable from the accident fund during the year;

(b) provide a reserve in aid of industries or classes which may become depleted or extinguished;

(c) provide in each year capitalized reserves sufficient to meet the periodical payments of compensation accruing in future years in respect of all injuries which occur during the year;

(d) provide a reserve to be used to meet the loss arising from a disaster or other circumstance which the Board considers would unfairly burden the employers in a class;

(e) provide and maintain a reserve for payment of that portion of the disability enhanced by reason of a pre-existing disease, condition or disability; and

(f) provide and maintain a reserve for payment of retirement benefits.

(2) Assessments may be made in the manner and form and by the procedure the Board considers adequate and expedient, and may be general as applicable to a class or subclass, or special as applicable to an industry or part or department of it.

(3) Assessments may, wherever it is considered expedient, be collected in half yearly, quarterly or monthly installments, or otherwise; and where it appears that the funds in a class are sufficient for the time being, an instalment may be abated or its collection deferred.

(4) If the Board thinks that there are not sufficient funds to provide the compensation or additional compensation required to be paid under this Part, it may levy and collect from employers within the scope of this Part sufficient funds for this purpose without regard to the date of injury or the period during which the employer carried on an industry under this Part; and the levy and collection may be made in the manner and at the times the Board considers equitable, and may be by way of addition to the usual assessment or by levy of special or additional assessment.

(5) If the estimated assessments in a class prove insufficient, the Board may make further assessments and levies as necessary, or the Board may temporarily advance the amount of a deficiency out of any reserve provided for that purpose and add that amount to any subsequent assessments.

(6) The Board must notify each employer of the amount of each assessment due in respect of the employer's industry and the time when it is payable. The notice may be sent by post to the employer, and is deemed to be given to the employer on the day the notice is mailed.

(7) If for any reason an employer liable to assessment is not assessed in any year, the employer is nevertheless liable to pay the Board the amount for which the employer should have been assessed, and payment of that amount may be enforced in the same manner as the payment of an assessment may be enforced.

(8) If it is found, on an estimate made by the Board, that more than sufficient funds have been provided for the purposes set out in subsection (1)(a), (b), (d) and (e), the excess may be transferred to the capitalized reserves.

(9) Where special circumstances, including legislative change, result in claims being made or liabilities being imposed on the accident fund in excess of what the Board considers should reasonably be funded by assessments levied during the current year, the Board must raise sufficient funds by assessments during that year to meet the estimated payments due within the year, but need not establish within the year reserves to meet future payments on those claims or liabilities, and the Board may establish those reserves by assessments levied over a period of years.

40 Assessment by notice

(1) Where the Board

(a) notifies an employer of assessment rates or percentages determined by the Board in respect of the industries in which the employer is engaged; and

(b) informs the employer of the manner in which the assessment is calculated, and the date it is payable,

the notice constitutes an assessment under section 39, and the employer must, within the time limited in the notice,

(c) make a return on the form provided or prescribed by the Board; and

(d) remit the amount of the assessment.

(2) Every employer who neglects or refuses to comply with subsection (1) is liable for the penalty prescribed by the regulations or determined by the Board, and that penalty is enforceable as an assessment under this Part.

41 Repealed

[Repealed 1993-34-7.]

42 Classification of rates

The Board must establish subclassifications, differentials and proportions in the rates as between the different kinds of employment in the same class as may be considered just; and where the Board thinks a particular industry or plant is shown to be so circumstanced or conducted that the hazard or cost of compensation differs from the average of the class or subclass to which the industry or plant is assigned, the Board must confer or impose on that industry or plant a special rate, differential or assessment to correspond with the relative hazard or cost of compensation of that industry or plant, and for that purpose may also adopt a system of experience rating.

43 Power to vary rates

The Board may, in a manner that it determines, vary the rates of assessment as between different employers or levy supplementary assessments according to the estimated exposure of workers to industrial noise, and it may do so whether or not hearing protection is worn.

44 Temporary industries

(1) Where an employer engages in any industry within the scope of this Part and has not been assessed in respect of it, the Board, if it considers that the industry is to be carried on only temporarily, may require the employer to pay or to give security for the payment to the Board of a sum sufficient to pay the assessment for which the employer would be liable if the industry had been in existence when the last preceding assessment was made.

(2) Every employer who makes default in complying with a requirement of the Board under subsection (1) commits an offence against this Part.

45 Collection of assessments by suit or summarily

(1) If an assessment or part of it is not paid in accordance with the terms of the assessment and levy, the Board has a right of action against the defaulting employer in respect of the amount unpaid, together with costs of the action.

(2) Where default is made in the payment of an assessment, or part of it, the Board may issue its certificate stating that the assessment was made, the amount remaining unpaid on account of it and the person by whom it was payable, and that certificate, or a copy of it certified by the secretary under the seal of the Board to be a true copy, may be filed with any district registrar of the Supreme Court, and when so filed becomes an order of that court and may be enforced as a judgment of the court against that person for the amount mentioned in the certificate.

46 Power to restrain industry if employer defaults

(1) The Supreme Court may make an order under subsection (2) if

(a) an employer defaults in the payment of an assessment,

(b) an execution, issued on a judgment entered with respect to the assessment, is returned with a certificate from a sheriff or the sheriff's deputy that he or she was unable wholly to satisfy the execution, and

(c) an industry, or an activity in an industry, within the scope of this Part is commenced or continues to be carried on by one or more of the following persons:

(i) the judgment debtor;

(ii) if the judgment debtor is a company, within the meaning of the Business Corporations Act, an individual who is a member of the board of directors of the judgment debtor as a result of having been elected or appointed to that position;

(iii) if the judgment debtor is a corporation other than a company, within the meaning of the Business Corporations Act, a person who is a member of the board of directors or other governing body of the judgment debtor, regardless of the title by which that person is designated;

(iv) the chair or any vice chair of the board of directors or other governing body of the judgment debtor, if that chair or vice chair performs the functions of the office on a full-time basis, regardless of the title by which that person is designated;

(v) the president of the judgment debtor, regardless of the title by which that person is designated;

(vi) any vice president in charge of a principal business unit of the judgment debtor, including sales, finance or production, regardless of the title by which that person is designated;

(vii) any officer of the judgment debtor, whether or not the officer is also a director of the judgment debtor, who performs a policy-making function in respect of the judgment debtor and who has the capacity to influence the direction of the judgment debtor, regardless of the title by which that person is designated;

(viii) a person who is not described in any of subparagraphs (ii) to (vii) of this paragraph but who performs the functions described in any of those subparagraphs, and who participates in the management of the judgment debtor, other than a person who

(A) participates in the management of the judgment debtor under the direction or control of a shareholder or a person described in any of subparagraphs (ii) to (vii),

(B) is a lawyer, accountant or other professional whose primary participation in the management of the judgment debtor is the provision of professional services to the judgment debtor,

(C) is, if the judgment debtor is bankrupt, a trustee in bankruptcy who participates in the management of the judgment debtor or exercises control over its property, rights and interests primarily for the purposes of the administration of the bankrupt's estate, or

(D) is a receiver, receiver manager or creditor who participates in the management of the judgment debtor or exercises control over any of its property, rights and interests primarily for the purposes of enforcing a debt obligation of the judgment debtor.

(2) In the circumstances described in subsection (1), the Supreme Court, on an application made on behalf of the Board, without the commencement of an action, may make an order restraining one or more persons described in subsection (1)(c)(i) to (viii) from carrying on an industry, or an activity in an industry, within the scope of this Part until the amount due on the execution, all the assessments made by the Board and the costs of the application are paid.

47 Penalty for default in payment or return

(1) If an assessment levied under this Part is not paid at the time when it becomes payable, the defaulting employer is liable to and must pay as a penalty for the default the percentage on the amount unpaid or the assessment for the preceding year, or the projected assessment for the current year, that may be prescribed by the regulations or determined by the Board, and the penalty may be added to the amount of the assessment and become a part of it, and where not added to the assessment must be enforced in the same manner as the payment of an assessment is enforced.

(2) An employer who refuses or neglects to make or transmit a payroll return or other statement required to be furnished by the employer under section 38(1), or who refuses or neglects to pay an assessment, or the provisional amount of an assessment, or an instalment or part of it, must, in addition to any penalty or other liability to which the employer may be subject, pay the Board the full amount or capitalized value, as determined by the Board, of the compensation payable in respect of any injury or occupational disease to a worker in the employer's employ which happens during the period of that default, and the payment of the amount may be enforced in the same manner as the payment of an assessment may be enforced.

(3) The Board, if satisfied that the default was excusable, may in any case relieve the employer in whole or in part from liability under this section.

48 Class accounts

(1) Separate accounts must be maintained of the amounts collected and expended in respect of every class, reserve and special fund, but the accident fund is, for the purpose of paying compensation, one fund and indivisible.

(2) If a deficit occurs in a class or subclass, the Board may charge to that class or subclass interest on the amount of the deficit at a rate that will reimburse the accident fund for any loss sustained by reason of the deficit, and may apportion the amount of the interest received and credit it to the class or subclass or special fund from which money was advanced to meet the deficit.

49 Adjustment of assessments

(1) As soon as practicable in each year the amount of the assessment for the preceding calendar year must be adjusted on the estimated requirements of the class and on the correctly ascertained payroll of each industry, and the employer must promptly make up and pay to the Board any deficiency, or the Board must refund to the employer any surplus, or credit the surplus on the succeeding assessment as the case may require. Where the ascertained payroll exceeds the estimate of it on which the employer was assessed, or where the employer remits less than the amount of the assessment due to the Board, the Board may on the adjustment charge to that employer interest on the amount of the deficiency in the assessment at a rate that in its opinion will reimburse the accident fund for any loss sustained by reason of the deficiency, and the interest must be added to the amount of the deficiency and becomes a part of it.

(2) Where in an industry a change of ownership or employership has occurred, the Board may levy any part of the deficiency or the unpaid amount of the assessment on any of the successive owners or employers, or pay or credit to any one or more of the owners the surplus that the case requires, but as between or among the successive owners the assessments in respect of the employment are, in the absence of an agreement between the respective owners or employers determining the same, apportionable, as nearly as may be, in accordance with the proportions of the payrolls of the respective periods of ownership or employer-ship.

50 Collection from contractors

Where work within the scope of this Part is performed under contract for a municipal corporation, or for a board or commission having the management of any work or service operated for a municipal corporation, an assessment in respect of the work may be paid by the corporation, board or commission, as the case may be, and the amount of the assessment may be deducted from money due the contractor in respect of the work.

51 Contractor liability

(1) Where work within the scope of this Part is undertaken for a person by a contractor, both the contractor and the person for whom the work is undertaken are liable for the amount of any assessment in respect of it, and the assessment may be levied on and collected from either of them, or partly from each; but in the absence of a term in the contract to the contrary the contractor is, as between the contractor and the person for whom the work is performed, primarily liable for the amount of the assessment.

(2) Where work within the scope of this Part is performed under subcontract, both the contractor and the subcontractor are liable for the amount of the assessments in respect of the work; and the assessments may be levied on and collected from either, or partly from each; but in the absence of a term in the subcontract to the contrary the subcontractor is, as between the subcontractor and the contractor, primarily liable for the assessments.

(3) Where a contractor or subcontractor who is executing work in or for the purposes of an industry within the scope of this Part carried on by another person (in this subsection referred to as the "principal") is not assessed with respect to the work so executed, the workers of the contractor or subcontractor may, in the discretion of the Board, be deemed workers of the principal with respect to the industry so carried on by the principal.

(4) For the purposes of this section, a person, contractor, subcontractor or principal includes an employer within the scope of Part 1.

52 Priority as to amounts due Board

(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in any other Act, the amount due by an employer to the Board, or where an assignment has been made under subsection (4), its assignee, on an assessment made under this Act, or in respect of an amount which the employer is required to pay to the Board under this Act, or on a judgment for it, constitutes a lien in favour of the Board or its assignee payable in priority over all liens, charges or mortgages of every person, whenever created or to be created, with respect to the property or proceeds of property, real, personal or mixed, used in or in connection with or produced in or by the industry with respect to which the employer was assessed or the amount became payable, excepting liens for wages due to workers by their employer, and the lien for the amount due the Board or its assignee continues to be valid and in force with respect to each assessment until the expiration of 5 years from the end of the calendar year for which the assessment was levied.

(1.1) The exception in subsection (1) does not apply in respect of a lien for wages that is, by section 87(5) of the Employment Standards Act, postponed to a mortgage or debenture.

(2) Where the employer is a corporation, the word "property" in subsection (1) includes the property of any director, manager or other principal of the corporation where the property is used in, or in connection with, the industry with respect to which the employer was assessed or the amount became payable, or was so used within the period in respect of which assessments are unpaid.

(3) Without limiting subsection (1), the Board may enforce its lien by proceedings under the Court Order Enforcement Act.

(4) The Board may assign its lien rights to a person, contractor or subcontractor who has fully discharged his or her liability for the amount of an assessment under section 51 by payment of it.

Part 1 Division 5 - Procedure and Miscellaneous

• Related Policies
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53 Worker's notification of injury

(1) In every case of an injury or disabling occupational disease to a worker in an industry within the scope of this Part, the worker, or in case of death the dependant, must as soon as practicable after the occurrence inform the employer by giving information of the disease or injury to the superintendent, first aid attendant, supervisor, agent in charge of the work where the injury occurred or other appropriate representative of the employer, and the information must include the name of the worker, the time and place of the occurrence, and, in ordinary language, the nature and cause of the disease or injury.

(2) In the case of an occupational disease, the employer to be informed of the death or disablement is the employer who last employed the worker in the employment to the nature of which the disease was due.

(3) The worker must, if he or she is fit to do so and on request of the employer, provide to the employer particulars of the injury or occupational disease on a form prescribed by the Board and supplied to the worker by the employer.

(4) Failure to provide the information required by this section is a bar to a claim for compensation under this Part, unless the Board is satisfied that

(a) the information, although imperfect in some respects, is sufficient to describe the disease or injury suffered, and the occasion of it;

(b) the employer or the employer's representative had knowledge of it; or

(c) the employer has not been prejudiced, and the Board considers that the interests of justice require that the claim be allowed.

54 Employer's notification of injury

(1) Subject to subsection (6), an employer must report to the Board within 3 days of its occurrence every injury to a worker that is or is claimed to be one arising out of and in the course of employment.

(2) Subject to subsection (6), an employer must report to the Board, within 3 days of receiving information under section 53, every disabling occupational disease, or claim for or allegation of an occupational disease.

(3) An employer must report immediately to the Board and to its local representative the death of a worker where the death is or is claimed to be one arising out of and in the course of employment.

(4) The report must be on the form prescribed by the Board and must state

(a) the name and address of the worker;

(b) the time and place of the disease, injury or death;

(c) the nature of the injury or alleged injury;

(d) the name and address of any physician or qualified practitioner who attended the worker; and

(e) any other particulars required by the Board or by the regulations,

and may be made by mailing copies of the form addressed to the Board at the address the Board prescribes.

(5) The failure to make a report required by virtue of this section, unless excused by the Board on the ground that the report for some sufficient reason could not have been made, constitutes an offence against this Part.

(6) Without limiting in any way the authority of the Board under section 75, the Board may by regulation

(a) define and prescribe a category of minor injuries not required to be reported under this section; and

(b) define or vary the time at which the obligation to report under this section commences.

(7) Where a report required by this section is not received by the Board within 7 days of an injury or death, or any other time prescribed by regulation under subsection (6), the Board may make an interim adjudication of the claim, and, where it allows the claim on an interim basis, may commence the payment of compensation in whole or in part.

(8) Any compensation paid under subsection (7), until 3 days after receipt by the Board of the report required by this section, may be levied and collected from the employer by way of additional assessment as a contribution to the accident fund, and payment may be enforced in like manner as other assessments.

(9) Where the Board is satisfied that the delay in reporting was excusable, it may relieve the employer in whole or in part of the additional assessment imposed under subsection (8).

55 Application for compensation

(1) An application for compensation must be made on the form prescribed by the Board or the regulations and must be signed by the worker or dependant; but, where the Board is satisfied that compensation is payable, it may be paid without an application.

(2) Unless an application is filed, or an adjudication made, within one year after the date of injury, death or disablement from occupational disease, no compensation is payable, except as provided in subsections (3), (3.1), (3.2) and (3.3).

(3) If the Board is satisfied that there existed special circumstances which precluded the filing of an application within one year after the date referred to in subsection (2), the Board may pay the compensation provided by this Part if the application is filed within 3 years after that date.

(3.1) The Board may pay the compensation provided by this Part for the period commencing on the date the Board received the application for compensation if

(a) the Board is satisfied that special circumstances existed which precluded the filing of an application within one year after the date referred to in subsection (2), and

(b) the application is filed more than 3 years after the date referred to in subsection (2).

(3.2) The Board may pay the compensation provided by this Part if

(a) the application arises from death or disablement due to an occupational disease,

(b) sufficient medical or scientific evidence was not available on the date referred to in subsection (2) for the Board to recognize the disease as an occupational disease and this evidence became available on a later date, and

(c) the application is filed within 3 years after the date sufficient medical or scientific evidence as determined by the Board became available to the Board.

(3.3) Despite section 96(1), if, since July 1, 1974, the Board considered an application under the equivalent of this section in respect of death or disablement from occupational disease, the Board may reconsider that application, but the Board must apply subsection (3.2) of this section in that reconsideration.

(4) This section applies to an injury or death occurring on or after January 1, 1974 and to an occupational disease in respect of which exposure to the cause of the occupational disease in the Province did not terminate prior to that date.

56 Duty of physician or practitioner

(1) It is the duty of every physician or qualified practitioner attending or consulted on a case of injury to a worker, or alleged case of injury to a worker, in an industry within the scope of this Part

(a) to furnish the reports in respect of the injury in the form required by the regulations or by the Board, but the first report containing all information requested in it must be furnished to the Board within 3 days after the date of his or her first attendance on the worker;

(b) to furnish a report within 3 days after the worker is, in the opinion of the physician or qualified practitioner, able to resume work and, if treatment is being continued after resumption of work, to furnish further adequate reports;

(c) if the physician is a specialist whose opinion is requested by the attending physician, the worker or the Board, or if the physician continues to treat the worker after being consulted as a specialist, to furnish his or her first report to the Board within 3 days after completion of consultation; but if the specialist is regularly treating the worker, the specialist must submit reports as required in paragraphs (a) and (b); and

(d) to give all reasonable and necessary information, advice and assistance to the injured worker and the worker's dependants in making application for compensation, and in furnishing in connection with it the required certificates and proofs, without charge to the worker.

(2) Every physician or qualified practitioner who is authorized by this Act to treat an injured worker is subject to like duties and responsibilities, and any health care furnished by the physician or qualified practitioner is subject to the direction, supervision and control of the Board.

(3) Unless the Board otherwise directs, an account for medical services or health care must not be paid if it is submitted later than 90 days from the date that

(a) the last treatment was given; or

(b) the physician or person furnishing the medical service was first aware that the Board may be liable for his or her services,

whichever first occurs.

(4) A physician, qualified practitioner or other person authorized to render health care under this Part must confine his or her treatment to injuries to the parts of the body he or she is authorized to treat under the statute under which he or she is permitted to practise, and the giving of any unauthorized treatment is an offence against this Part.

(5) A physician, qualified practitioner or other person who fails to submit prompt, adequate and accurate reports and accounts as required by this Act or the Board commits an offence against this Part, and his or her right to be selected by a worker to render health care may be cancelled by the Board, or he or she may be suspended for a period to be determined by the Board. When the right of a person to render health care is so cancelled or suspended, the Board must notify the person of the cancellation or suspension, and must likewise inform the governing body named in the Act under which the person is authorized to treat human ailments, and the person whose right to render health care is cancelled or suspended must also notify injured workers who seek treatment from the person of the cancellation or suspension.

57 Worker to submit to examination

(1) The Board may require a worker who applies for or is in receipt of compensation under this Part to be medically examined at a place reasonably convenient for the worker. If the worker fails to attend for the examination or obstructs the medical examiner, the worker's right to compensation is suspended until the examination has taken place, and no compensation is payable during the period of suspension.

(2) The Board may reduce or suspend compensation when the worker

(a) persists in insanitary or injurious practices which tend to imperil or retard his or her recovery; or

(b) refuses to submit to medical or surgical treatment which the Board considers, based on expert medical or surgical advice, is reasonably essential to promote his or her recovery.

57.1 Obligation to provide information

(1) A worker who applies for or is receiving compensation must provide the Board with the information that the Board considers necessary to administer the worker's claim.

(2) If a worker fails to comply with subsection (1), the Board may reduce or suspend payments to the worker until the worker complies.

58 Repealed

(1) and (2) [Repealed 2002-66-6.]
(3) to (5) [Repealed 2002-66-7.]

59–62 Repealed

[Repealed 2002-66-6.]

63 Repealed

(1) [Repealed 2002-66-7.]
(2) to (4) [Repealed 2002-66-6.]

64–66 Repealed

[Repealed 2002-66-6.]

67 Accounting and investment of excess funds

(1) The Board must establish and maintain an accounting system satisfactory to the Minister of Finance, and that minister may, at any time, inspect the accounting records of the Board and advise it on all matters respecting its accounts and other financial matters.

(2) Subject to the supervision and direction of the Minister of Finance, the Board must cause all money in the accident and silicosis funds in excess of current requirements to be invested and reinvested and in doing so must exercise the care, skill, diligence and judgment that a prudent investor would exercise in making investments.

68 Audit

(1) Unless the Auditor General is appointed in accordance with the Auditor General Act as the auditor of the Board, the Board must appoint an auditor to audit the accounts of the Board at least once each year.

(2) The remuneration of an auditor for auditing the accounts of the Board must be paid by the Board.

(3) For the purpose of an audit under this section, the Lieutenant Governor in Council may appoint a competent person to make and report on an actuarial valuation of the assets and liabilities of the accident fund, and the remuneration of that person to make and report on the valuation must be paid by the Board.

69 Annual report

(1) The Board must, on or before April 30 in each year, make to the minister a report of its transactions during the last preceding calendar year, and the report must contain the particulars the minister specifies.

(2) The minister must promptly, with respect to the report referred to in subsection (1),

(a) lay the report before the Legislative Assembly, if the Legislative Assembly is in session, or

(b) file the report with the Clerk of the Legislative Assembly, if the Legislative Assembly is not in session.

(3) The Board must publish and distribute among employers, workers and the general public the information in respect of the business transacted by the Board that in its judgment may be useful.

70–72 Repealed

[Repealed 1998-50-5.]

73 Levy from employer to cover amount of compensation

(1) If

(a) an injury, death or disablement from occupational disease in respect of which compensation is payable occurs to a worker, and

(b) the Board considers that this was due substantially to

(i) the gross negligence of an employer,

(ii) the failure of an employer to adopt reasonable means for the prevention of injuries, deaths or occupational diseases, or

(iii) the failure of an employer to comply with the orders or directions of the Board, or with the regulations made under Part 3 of this Act,

the Board may levy and collect from that employer as a contribution to the accident fund all or part of the amount of the compensation payable in respect of the injury, death or occupational disease, to a maximum of $55 810.03.

(2) The payment of an amount levied under subsection (1) may be enforced in the same manner as the payment of an assessment may be enforced.

74 Repealed

[Repealed 1998-50-7.]

75 Orders

(1) In addition to the rules and regulations which may be made under this Part, the Board may issue the orders and directives it considers requisite for the due administration and carrying out of this Part, and may prescribe the form and use of payrolls, records, reports, certificates, declarations and documents that may be requisite, and, if considered necessary, may make regulations for those purposes.

(2) [Repealed 1998-50-8.]

(3) Every person who contravenes or fails to comply with a regulation made under this Part commits an offence and is liable on conviction to the fine prescribed by the regulations, but not exceeding $5 337.66.

(4) and (5) [Repealed 1998-50-8.]

76 Effective date of regulations

A regulation of the Board under this Part must specify the date on which it is to come into force, which date must be at least 90 days after its deposit under the Regulations Act.

77 General penalty

(1) [Repealed 1998-50-10.]

(2) Every person who commits an offence under this Part for which no other punishment has been provided is liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $5 337.66.

78 Penalties

The penalties imposed by or under the authority of this Part are recoverable under the Offence Act or by an action brought by the Board in a court of competent jurisdiction, and the penalties when collected must be paid over to the Board and form part of the accident fund.

Part 1 Division 6 - Workers' Compensation Board

• + Add to My Handbook

79 Repealed

[Repealed 2002-66-8.]

80 Board

The Workers' Compensation Board is continued as a corporation.

81 Board of directors

(1) The board of directors of the Workers' Compensation Board consists of

(a) 9 voting directors appointed by the Lieutenant Governor in Council as follows:

(i) one director, representative of workers;

(ii) one director, representative of employers;

(iii) 2 directors, representative of the public interest;

(iv) one additional director, representative of the public interest, who is chair;

(v) one director who at the time of appointment is a professional providing health care or rehabilitation services to persons with disabilities;

(vi) one director who at the time of appointment is an actuary;

(vii) one director who is or was a professional in the area of law or law enforcement;

(viii) one director who is or was a professional in the area of occupational health and safety, and

(b) the president who is a non-voting director.

(c) [Repealed 2002-66-9.]

(2) The Lieutenant Governor in Council must, for an appointment

(a) under subsection (1)(a)(i), select a person from a list of at least 3 persons, each of whom is nominated by one or more organizations that represent workers or classes of workers,

(b) under subsection (1)(a)(ii), select a person from a list of at least 3 persons, each of whom is nominated by one or more organizations that represent employers or classes of employers,

(c) under subsection (1)(a)(v), select a person from a list of at least 3 persons, each of whom is nominated by one or more organizations that provide health care or rehabilitation services to persons with disabilities,

(d) under subsection (1)(a)(vi), select a person from a list of at least 3 persons, each of whom is nominated by one or more professional organizations for actuaries,

(e) under subsection (1)(a)(vii), select a person from a list of at least 3 persons, each of whom is nominated by one or more organizations for professionals in law or law enforcement, and

(f) under subsection (1)(a)(viii), select a person from a list of at least 3 persons, each of whom is nominated by one or more organizations that provide occupational health and safety services.

(3) Each director, other than the chair and president, holds office for a term of up to 3 years, as set by the Lieutenant Governor in Council.

(4) A director, other than the chair, must not be appointed under subsection (1)(a) for a continuous period of more than 6 years.

(5) The chair holds office for a term of up to 5 years, as set by the Lieutenant Governor in Council.

(6) The chair may not be appointed for a continuous period of more than 10 years.

(7) The chair may designate a director appointed under subsection (1)(a)(iii) to act in the chair's place during the chair's temporary absence, and while so acting the designated director has the power and authority of the chair.

(8) The Board must pay directors appointed under subsection (1)(a)

(a) remuneration in an amount determined by the Lieutenant Governor in Council, and

(b) reasonable travel and out of pocket expenses necessarily incurred in discharging their duties.

(9) A payment referred to in subsection (8) must be paid out of the accident fund.

(10) In this section, "law enforcement" means

(a) policing, including criminal intelligence operations,

(b) investigations that lead or could lead to a penalty or sanction being imposed, or

(c) proceedings that lead or could lead to a penalty or sanction being imposed.

82 Powers and duties of board of directors

(1) The board of directors must

(a) set and revise as necessary the policies of the board of directors, including policies respecting compensation, assessment, rehabilitation and occupational health and safety, and

(b) set and supervise the direction of the Board.

(2) Without restricting subsection (1), the board of directors is responsible for the following:

(a) subject to the Act, selecting the president and determining the president's functions;

(b) approving the operating and capital budgets of the Board;

(c) establishing policies and accounting systems to ensure adequate funding of the accident fund;

(d) approving major programs and expenditures of the Board;

(e) approving the investment of funds of the Board in accordance with the requirements imposed under this Act;

(f) planning for the future of the Board;

(g) subject to this Act, enacting bylaws and passing resolutions

(i) for the conduct of the business of the Board, and

(ii) for the functions of the board of directors,

including enacting bylaws respecting the manner in which the policies of the board of directors are to be published.

(3) The board of directors may

(a) establish committees and give directions to those committees,

(b) authorize the Board to acquire and dispose of land, and

(c) delegate in writing a power or duty of the board of directors to the president of the Board, or another officer of the Board, and may impose limitations or conditions on the delegate's exercise of a power or performance of a duty.

82.1 Service plans

(1) On or before April 30 of each year, the Board must provide the minister with a service plan that

(a) addresses the 3 year period starting on January 1 of that year, and

(b) does the following:

(i) sets out the Board's priorities;

(ii) identifies specific objectives and performance measures for the Board;

(iii) provides a fiscal forecast for the Board, including a statement of all material assumptions and policy decisions underlying the forecast;

(iv) compares actual results of the previous year with the expected results identified in the previous year's service plan;

(v) presents other information that the Board considers appropriate.

(2) The minister must promptly, with respect to the service plan referred to in subsection (1),

(a) lay the service plan before the Legislative Assembly, if the Legislative Assembly is in session, or

(b) file the service plan with the Clerk of the Legislative Assembly, if the Legislative Assembly is not in session.

83 Meetings

(1) The chair must preside at meetings of the board of directors.

(2) Meetings of the board of directors must be held at the call of the chair at any place in British Columbia that the chair determines.

(3) A majority of the voting directors in office constitutes a quorum at a meeting of the board of directors.

(4) A vacancy on the board of directors does not impair the right of the other directors to act.

83.1 Repealed

[Repealed 2002-56-29.]

84 Standard of care of the directors

(1) A director, when exercising the powers and performing the functions and duties as a member of the board of directors, must

(a) act honestly and in good faith,

(b) act with a view to the best interests and objectives of the workers' compensation system,

(c) exercise the care, diligence and skill that a reasonably prudent individual would exercise in comparable circumstances, and

(d) act in a financially responsible and accountable manner.

(2) This section is in addition to, and not in derogation of, any enactment or rule of law or equity relating to the duties or liabilities of members of the board of directors.

84.1 President

(1) The board of directors must appoint a person to be president of the Board.

(2) Subject to this Act, the board of directors may enter into a contract with the president providing for the remuneration of the president and setting out the terms and conditions of the president's appointment.

(3) The president must be paid out of the accident fund.

(4) The president is responsible to the board of directors and he or she

(a) must attend and participate as a non-voting director at meetings of the board of directors,

(b) must implement the policies of the board of directors with respect to the administration of the Board and the Act,

(c) is responsible for all functions related to staff, other than the staff appointed by and reporting directly to the board of directors, and

(d) must carry out other functions and duties assigned to the president by the board of directors.

(5) The president may delegate in writing any of the president's powers and duties to another officer of the Board or another person and may impose limitations or conditions on the delegate's exercise of a power or performance of a duty.

85–85.2 Repealed

[Repealed 2002-66-12.]

86 Staff

(1) The Board may appoint the officers and other employees it considers necessary to carry out the business and operations of the Board and may establish their duties and determine their remuneration.

(2) Every person so appointed holds office during the pleasure of the Board, and his or her remuneration must be paid out of the accident fund.

(3) The Board may establish and maintain a fund, to be known as the superannuation fund, for the payment of superannuation allowances to its employees or of allowances on the disability or death of its employees, by contributions from the employees of the Board and from the accident fund, and may determine the amounts of superannuation or other allowances and the conditions on which they may be paid and the persons to whom they may be paid. The Board may use the superannuation fund to purchase superannuation allowances for its employees from the Crown in right of Canada, from the Crown in right of the Province or from an insurer. The costs of administering the superannuation fund are part of the cost of the administration of this Act.

(4) Notwithstanding any Act, the matters respecting the establishment and maintenance of the superannuation fund under subsection (3) or payment of superannuation allowances to employees or allowances on the disability or death of employees, including contributions to the fund by the Board and its employees and the amounts of superannuation or other allowances and the conditions on which and the persons to whom they may be paid, must not be the subject of a collective agreement between the Board and its employees.

(5) [Repealed 1999-44-112.]

(5.1) The Labour Relations Code does not apply to

(a) a person employed

(i) for the purposes of policy development or providing policy advice, and

(ii) in the policy and regulation development bureau of the Board, and

(b) a person employed

(i) for the purpose of investigating the conduct of persons working for the Board, and

(ii) as an investigator in the special investigations branch of the Board.

(6) and (7) [Repealed 2002-66-13.]

87 Witnesses

(1) The Board, has the like powers as the Supreme Court to compel the attendance of witnesses and examine them under oath, and to compel the production and inspection of books, papers, documents and things.

(2) The Board, may cause depositions of witnesses residing in or out of the Province to be taken before a person appointed by the Board in a similar manner to that prescribed by the Rules of the Supreme Court for the taking of like depositions in that court before a commissioner.

88 Inquiry

(1) The Board may act on the report of any of its officers, and any inquiry which it is considered necessary to make may be made by an officer of the Board or some other person appointed to make the inquiry, and the Board may act on his or her report as to the result of the inquiry.

(2) The officer and every other person appointed to make an inquiry has for the purposes of an inquiry under subsection (1) all the powers conferred on the Board by section 87.

(3) The Board, an officer of the Board or a person authorized by it for that purpose, may examine the books and accounts of every employer and make any other inquiry the Board considers necessary to ascertain whether a statement furnished to the Board under section 38 is an accurate statement of the matters which are required to be stated in it, or to ascertain the amount of the payroll of an employer, or to ascertain whether an industry or person is within the scope of this Part. For the purpose of the examination or inquiry, the Board or person authorized to make the examination or inquiry may give to the employer or the employer's agent notice in writing requiring the employer to bring or produce before the Board or person, at a place and time to be mentioned in the notice, which time must be at least 10 days after the giving of the notice, all documents, writings, books, deeds and papers in the possession, custody or power of the employer touching or in any way relating to or concerning the subject matter of the examination or inquiry referred to in the notice, and every employer and every agent of the employer named in and served with the notice must produce at the time and place required all documents, writings, books, deeds and papers according to the tenor of the notice.

(4) Every officer or person authorized by the Board to make examination or inquiry under this section may require and take affidavits, affirmations or declarations as to any matter of the examination or inquiry, and to take affidavits for the purposes of this Act, and in all those cases to administer oaths, affirmations and declarations and certify that they were made.

(5) An employer and every other person who obstructs or hinders the making of an examination or inquiry mentioned in subsection (3), or who refuses to permit it to be made, or who neglects or refuses to produce the documents, writings, books, deeds and papers at the place and time stated in the notice mentioned in subsection (3), commits an offence against this Part.

89–93 Repealed

[Repealed 2002-66-16.]

94 Workers' advisers and employers' advisers

(1) In this section, "ministry" means the ministry of the minister.

(1.1) Workers' advisers, employers' advisers and other employees necessary to enable the workers' advisers and employers' advisers to perform their duties under subsections (2) and (3), respectively, may be appointed as employees of the ministry under the Public Service Act.

(1.2) The minister may request that the Board reimburse the government for all amounts paid by the government for the reasonable expenses properly incurred by the government in administering workers' and employers' advisers programs.

(1.3) On receiving a request under subsection (1.2), the Workers' Compensation Board must, out of the accident fund, pay the amount requested to the Minister of Finance.

(1.4) and (1.5) [Repealed 2008-12-29.]

(2) A workers' adviser must

(a) give assistance to a worker or to a dependant having a claim under this Act, except where the workers' adviser thinks the claim has no merit,

(b) on claims matters, communicate with or appear before the Board, and the appeal tribunal on behalf of a worker or dependant where the adviser considers assistance is required, and

(c) advise workers and dependants with regard to the interpretation and administration of this Act or any regulations or decisions made under it.

(3) An employers' adviser must

(a) give assistance to an employer respecting any claim under this Act of

(i) a worker, or

(ii) a dependant of a worker

of that employer, except where the employer's adviser thinks the claim has no merit,

(b) on claims matters, communicate with or appear before the Board, and the appeal tribunal on behalf of an employer where the adviser considers assistance is required, and

(c) advise employers with regard to the interpretation and administration of this Act or any regulations or decisions made under it.

(4) Employees of the ministry acting in the capacity of workers' advisers or employers' advisers need not be members of the Law Society of British Columbia, and if one of them is not, section 15 of the Legal Profession Act does not apply to him or her.

(5) An employers' adviser must not report or disclose to an employer information obtained from or at the Board of a type that would not be disclosed to the employer by the Board.

94.1 Lay advocates

(1) A person may

(a) give advice respecting the interpretation or administration of the Act, the policies of the board of directors, the Board's practices and procedures or any regulations, orders or decisions under the Act, or

(b) act on behalf of a person

(i) by communicating with the Board, an officer or employee of the Board, the appeal tribunal or any other person acting under this Act, or

(ii) by appearing before the Board, an officer or employee of the Board or the appeal tribunal.

(2) Section 15 of the Legal Profession Act does not apply to a person while the person performs the functions referred to in subsection (1).

95 Secrecy

(1) Officers of the Board and persons authorized to make examinations or inquiries under this Part must not divulge or allow to be divulged, except in the performance of their duties or under the authority of the Board, information obtained by them or which has come to their knowledge in making or in connection with an examination or inquiry under this Part.

(1.1) If information in a claim file, or in any other material pertaining to the claim of an injured or disabled worker, is disclosed for the purposes of this Act by an officer or employee of the Board to a person other than the worker, that person must not disclose the information except

(a) if anyone whom the information is about has identified the information and consented, in the manner required by the Board, to its disclosure,

(b) in compliance with an enactment of British Columbia or Canada,

(c) in compliance with a subpoena, warrant or order issued or made by a court, tribunal, person or body with jurisdiction to compel the production of information, or

(d) for the purpose of preparing a submission or argument for a proceeding under this Part, Part 3 or Part 4.

(1.2) No court, tribunal or other body may admit into evidence any information that is disclosed in violation of subsection (1.1).

(2) Every person who violates subsection (1) or (1.1) commits an offence against this Part.

(3) The workers' advisers, the employers' advisers and their staff must have access at any reasonable time to the complete claims files of the Board and any other material pertaining to the claim of an injured or disabled worker; but the information contained in those files must be treated as confidential to the same extent as it is so treated by the Board.

96 Jurisdiction of Board

(1) Subject to sections 239 and 240, the Board has exclusive jurisdiction to inquire into, hear and determine all matters and questions of fact and law arising under this Part, and the action or decision of the Board on them is final and conclusive and is not open to question or review in any court, and proceedings by or before the Board must not be restrained by injunction, prohibition or other process or proceeding in any court or be removable by certiorari or otherwise into any court, and an action may not be maintained or brought against the Board or a director, an officer, or an employee of the Board in respect of any act, omission or decision that was within the jurisdiction of the Board or that the Board, director, officer or employee believed was within the jurisdiction of the Board; and, without restricting the generality of the foregoing, the Board has exclusive jurisdiction to inquire into, hear and determine

(a) the question whether an injury has arisen out of or in the course of an employment within the scope of this Part;

(b) the existence and degree of disability by reason of an injury;

(c) the permanence of disability by reason of an injury;

(d) the degree of diminution of earning capacity by reason of an injury;

(e) the amount of average earnings of a worker, whether paid in cash or board or lodging or other form of remuneration, for the purpose of levying assessments, and the average earnings of a worker for purposes of payment of compensation;

(f) the existence, for the purpose of this Part, of the relationship of a member of the family of a worker as defined by this Act;

(g) the existence of dependency;

(h) whether an industry or a part, branch or department of an industry is within the scope of this Part, and the class to which an industry or a part, branch or department of an industry within the scope of this Part should be assigned;

(i) whether a worker in an industry within the scope of this Part is within the scope of this Part and entitled to compensation under it; and

(j) whether a person is a worker, a subcontractor, a contractor or an employer within the meaning of this Part.

(2) Despite subsection (1), at any time, on its own initiative, or on application, the Board may reopen a matter that has been previously decided by the Board or an officer or employee of the Board under this Part if, since the decision was made in that matter,

(a) there has been a significant change in a worker's medical condition that the Board has previously decided was compensable, or

(b) there has been a recurrence of a worker's injury.

(3) If the Board determines that the circumstances in subsection (2) justify a change in a previous decision respecting compensation or rehabilitation, the Board may make a new decision that varies the previous decision or order.

(4) Despite subsection (1), the Board may, on its own initiative, reconsider a decision or order that the Board or an officer or employee of the Board has made under this Part.

(5) Despite subsection (4), the Board may not reconsider a decision or order if

(a) more than 75 days have elapsed since that decision or order was made,

(b) a review has been requested in respect of that decision or order under section 96.2, or

(c) an appeal has been filed in respect of that decision or order under section 240.

(6) Despite subsection (1), the Board may review a decision or order made by the Board or by an officer or employee of the Board under this Part but only as specifically provided in sections 96.2 to 96.5.

(7) Despite subsection (1), the Board may at any time set aside any decision or order made by it or by an officer or employee of the Board under this Part if that decision or order resulted from fraud or misrepresentation of the facts or circumstances upon which the decision or order was based.

(8) The Board may establish practices and procedures for carrying out its responsibilities under the Act, including specifying time periods within which certain steps must be taken and the consequences for failing to comply with those time periods.

(9) In circumstances it considers appropriate, the Board may recommend the use of alternate dispute resolution processes to assist in the resolution of matters under the Act.

96.1 Repealed

[Repealed 2002-66-20.]

96.2 Request for reviews

(1) Subject to subsection (2), a person referred to in section 96.3 may request a review officer to review the following in a specific case:

(a) a Board decision respecting a compensation or rehabilitation matter under Part 1;

(b) a Board decision under Part 1 respecting an assessment or classification matter, a monetary penalty or a payment under section 47(2), 54(8) or 73(1) by an employer to the Board of compensation paid to a worker;

(c) a Board order, a refusal to make a Board order, a variation of a Board order or a cancellation of a Board order respecting an occupational health or safety matter under Part 3.

(2) No review may be requested under subsection (1) respecting the following:

(a) an assessment under section 223 (1)(a);

(b) a determination, an order, a refusal to make an order or a cancellation of an order under section 153;

(c) an assignment of an employer or a subclass to a class or a subclass, except the assignment of an employer to a class or a subclass that

(i) has employers as members, and

(ii) does not have subclasses as members;

(d) a withdrawal of an employer or a subclass from a class or subclass, except a withdrawal of an employer from a class or subclass that

(i) has employers as members, and

(ii) does not have subclasses as members;

(e) the allocation of income, compensation payments, outlays, expenses, assets, liabilities, surpluses or deficits to or from the account of a class or subclass or to or from a reserve of the accident fund, except an allocation as it relates to a specific employer or an independent operator respecting

(i) the account of a class or subclass described in section 10(8), or

(ii) the reserve described in section 39(1)(b), (d) or (e);

(f) the determination of an assessment rate for a class or subclass, except the modification to the assessment rate determined for an employer on the basis of the employer's own experience;

(g) a decision to reopen or not to reopen a matter on an application under section 96(2).

(3) A request for a review must be filed,

(a) if a time period with respect to the type of decision or order to be reviewed is prescribed by regulation of the Lieutenant Governor in Council, which prescribed time period must be less than 90 days, within that time period, or

(b) if a time period is not prescribed as set out in paragraph (a), within 90 days after the Board's decision or order is made.

(4) On application, and where the chief review officer is satisfied that

(a) special circumstances existed which precluded the filing of a request for review within the time period required in subsection (3), and

(b) an injustice would otherwise result,

the chief review officer may extend the time to file a request for review even if the time to file has expired.

(5) Unless, on application, the chief review officer orders otherwise, the filing of a request for a review under subsection (3) does not operate as a stay or suspend the operation of the decision or order under review.

(6) As soon as practicable after a request for a review is filed, the Board must provide the parties to the review with a copy of its records respecting the matter under review.

(7) Subject to subsection (8), for the purposes of a specific review, if the employer has ceased to be an employer within the meaning of Part 1, the chief review officer may deem an employers' adviser within the meaning of section 94 or an organized group of employers to be the employer.

(8) An organized group of employers may be recognized by the chief review officer for the purposes of subsection (7) only if the organized group includes among its members employers in the subclass of industry to which the employer who has ceased to be an employer belonged.

(9) The Board must appoint a chief review officer and one or more review officers to conduct reviews under this section.

(10) The Labour Relations Code does not apply to a chief review officer or a review officer.

96.3 Who may request review

(1) Any of the following persons who is directly affected by a decision referred to in section 96.2(1)(a) may request a review of that decision:

(a) a worker;

(b) a deceased worker's dependant;

(c) an employer.

(2) An employer or an independent operator who is directly affected by a decision referred to in section 96.2(1)(b) may request a review of that decision.

(3) Any of the following persons who is directly affected by a decision or order referred to in section 96.2(1)(c) may request a review of that decision or order:

(a) a worker;

(b) an employer within the meaning of Part 3;

(c) an owner as defined in section 106;

(d) a supplier as defined in section 106;

(e) a union as defined in section 106;

(f) a member of a deceased worker's family.

96.4 Conduct of review

(1) This section applies to a review requested under section 96.2.

(2) Subject to any Board practices and procedures for the conduct of a review, a review officer may conduct a review as the officer considers appropriate to the nature and circumstances of the decision or order being reviewed.

(3) If a party to the review does not make a submission within the time required by any Board practices and procedures for the conduct of a review, the review officer may

(a) complete the review and make a decision on the basis of the information before him or her, or

(b) determine that the request for review is abandoned.

(4) A review officer may require an employer who is a party to a review respecting a matter referred to in section 96.2(1)(c) to post a notice in a specified form and manner to bring the review to the attention of the employees of the employer.

(5) On application or on the chief review officer's own initiative, the chief review officer may suspend a review in a specific case in order to allow a review officer to deal with related matters at the same time.

(6) After taking into account any applicable period of suspension under subsection (5), the review officer must make a decision on a review,

(a) if a policy of the board of directors establishes a time period that is less than 150 days after the Board receives a request for review, which time period may be different for different types of decisions or orders, within that time period, or

(b) if a time period is not established as set out in paragraph (a) of this subsection, within 150 days after the Board receives the request for review.

(7) The chief review officer may extend the applicable time period in subsection (6)(a) or (b) if the complexity of the proceedings in a review or the matter under review makes the time period impractical.

(8) The review officer may make a decision

(a) confirming, varying or cancelling the decision or order under review, or

(b) referring the decision or order under review back to the Board, with or without directions.

(9) Subject to sections 96.5 and 239, a decision by the review officer under subsection (8) is final and the Board must comply with that decision.

96.5 Reconsideration

(1) The chief review officer may direct a review officer to reconsider a decision under section 96.4(8) in either of the following circumstances:

(a) on the chief review officer's own initiative;

(b) on application from a party to a completed review of a decision that may not be appealed to the appeal tribunal, if the chief review officer is satisfied that new evidence has become available or been discovered that

(i) is substantial and material to the decision, and

(ii) did not exist at the time of the review or did exist at that time but was not discovered and could not through the exercise of reasonable diligence have been discovered.

(2) Each party to a completed review may apply for reconsideration of a decision under subsection (1)(b) on one occasion only.

(3) Despite subsection (1), a review officer must not reconsider a decision

(a) more than 23 days after the decision was made, if a direction to reconsider was given under subsection (1)(a), or

(b) if the decision has been appealed under section 239.

96.6 Delegation of chief review officer's powers and duties

(1) The chief review officer may delegate in writing to a review officer a power or duty of the chief review officer and may impose any limitations or conditions on the exercise of that power or performance of that duty.

(2) If the chief review officer has delegated a power or duty and subsequently ceases to hold office, the delegation continues in effect

(a) so long as the delegate continues in office, or

(b) until the delegation is revoked by a new chief review officer.

(3) The chief review officer may designate a review officer to act in the chief review officer's place during his or her temporary absence, and while acting in the chief review officer's place the designated review officer has the power and authority of the chief review officer.

97 Statutory powers

The Board may exercise any power or duty conferred or imposed on it by or under a statute of Canada or agreement between Canada and the Province.

98 Discontinuance or suspension of payments

(1) and (2) [Repealed 1985-68-124.]

(3) Despite sections 22(1), 23(1) or (3), 29(1) and 30(1), where it is found that a worker is confined to jail or prison, the Board may cancel, withhold or suspend the payment of compensation for the period it considers advisable. Where compensation is withheld or suspended, the Board may pay the compensation or any portion of it to the worker's spouse or children, or to a trustee appointed by the Board, who must expend it for the benefit of the worker, the worker's spouse or children.

(4) If

(a) a worker is not supporting the worker's spouse and children and they are likely to be a charge on the municipality where they reside, or

(b) an order has been made against the worker by a court of competent jurisdiction for spousal support or child support,

the Board may divert the compensation in whole or in part from the worker for the benefit of the worker's spouse or children.

(5) [Repealed 2011-25-478.]

99 Board decision-making

(1) The Board may consider all questions of fact and law arising in a case, but the Board is not bound by legal precedent.

(2) The Board must make its decision based upon the merits and justice of the case, but in so doing the Board must apply a policy of the board of directors that is applicable in that case.

(3) If the Board is making a decision respecting the compensation or rehabilitation of a worker and the evidence supporting different findings on an issue is evenly weighted in that case, the Board must resolve that issue in a manner that favours the worker.

100 Costs

The Board may award a sum it considers reasonable to the successful party to a contested claim for compensation or to any other contested matter to meet the expenses the party has been put to by reason of or incidental to the contest, and an order of the Board for the payment by an employer or by a worker of a sum so awarded, when filed in the manner provided for the filing of certificates by section 45(2), becomes a judgment of the court in which it is filed and may be enforced accordingly.

101 Repealed

[Repealed 2002-66-23.]

Part 2 Liability of Employers in Industries Not Within the Scope of Part 1

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102 Application

Sections 103 to 105 apply only to the industries to which Part 1 does not apply and to the workers employed in those industries, but those workers who are exempted under section 2 from the benefits of Part 1 are not by this section excluded from the benefits of sections 103 to 105.

103 Liability of employer

(1) Where personal injury is caused to a worker by reason of a defect in the condition or arrangement of the ways, works, machinery, plant, buildings or premises connected with, intended for or used in the business of the worker's employer, or by reason of the negligence of the employer or of a person in the service of the employer acting within the scope of his or her employment, the worker, or, if the injury results in death, the legal personal representatives of the worker, and any person entitled in case of death has an action against the employer. If the action is brought by the worker, the worker is entitled to recover from the employer the damages sustained by the worker by or in consequence of the injury; and if the action is brought by the legal personal representatives of the worker or by or on behalf of persons entitled to damages under the Family Compensation Act, they are entitled to recover the damages they are entitled to under that Act.

(2) Where the execution of any work is being carried into effect under a contract, and the person for whom the work is done owns or supplies ways, works, machinery, plant, buildings or premises, and by reason of a defect in the condition or arrangement of them personal injury is caused to a worker employed by the contractor or by a subcontractor, and the defect arose from the negligence of the person for whom the work or any part of it is done, or of some person in his or her service and acting within the scope of his or her employment, the person for whom the work or that part of the work is done is liable to the action as if the worker had been employed by him or her, and for that purpose is deemed to be the employer of the worker within the meaning of this Part; but the contractor or subcontractor is liable to the action as if this subsection had not been enacted, but not so that double damages are recoverable for the same injury.

(3) Nothing in subsection (2) affects a right or liability of the person for whom the work is done and the contractor or subcontractor as between themselves.

(4) A worker is not, by reason only of continuing in the employment of the employer with knowledge of the defect or negligence which caused his or her injury, deemed to have voluntarily incurred the risk of injury.

104 Common law rules abrogated

A worker is deemed not to have undertaken the risks due to the negligence of his or her fellow workers, and contributory negligence on the part of a worker is not a bar to recovery by the worker or by any person entitled to damages under the Family Compensation Act in an action for the recovery of damages for an injury sustained by or causing the death of the worker while in the service of his or her employer for which the employer would otherwise have been liable.

105 Contributory negligence to be considered

Contributory negligence on the part of the worker must nevertheless be taken into account in assessing the damages in an action.

Part 3 Occupational Health and Safety

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Note: The sections relating to the right to refuse unsafe work have been excluded because they have not been brought into effect. These sections are the definition of "right to refuse unsafe work" in section 106, all of Division 5, which includes sections 141 to 149.

Part 3 Division 1 - Interpretation and Purposes

• Related Policies
• Related Guidelines
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106 Definitions

In this Part and in the regulations under this Part:

"collective agreement" means the same as in the Fishing Collective Bargaining Act, the Labour Relations Code or the Public Service Labour Relations Act;

"employer" means

(a) an employer as defined in section 1,

(b) a person who is deemed to be an employer under Part 1 or the regulations under that Part, and

(c) the owner and the master of a fishing vessel for which there is crew to whom Part 1 applies as if the crew were workers, but does not include a person exempted from the application of this Part by order of the Board;

"hazardous substance" includes

(a) a hazardous product within the meaning of the Hazardous Products Act (Canada),

(b) a substance designated as a hazardous substance by regulation, and

(c) a biological, chemical or physical agent that, by reason of its properties, is hazardous to the health or safety of persons exposed to it;

"joint committee" means a joint health and safety committee under Division 4 of this Part;

"officer" means a person appointed as an officer under section 86(1) or a person authorized to act as an officer under section 114;

"order" means an order under this Part or the regulations;

"owner" includes

(a) a trustee, receiver, mortgagee in possession, tenant, lessee, licensee or occupier of any lands or premises used or to be used as a workplace, and

(b) a person who acts for or on behalf of an owner as an agent or delegate;

"prime contractor" means the prime contractor for a workplace within the meaning of section 118;

"regulation" means a regulation under this Part made by the Board or by the Lieutenant Governor in Council;

"supplier" means a person who manufactures, supplies, sells, leases, distributes, erects or installs

(a) any tool, equipment, machine, device, or

(b) any biological, chemical or physical agent

to be used by a worker;

"union" means

(a) a trade union recognized under the Labour Relations Code, or

(b) another organization of workers formed for purposes that include the regulation of relations between workers and employers, if the organization has given notice to the employer and the Board that it is to be considered a union for the purposes of this Part;

"variance order" means an order under section 164;

"wages" means the same as in the Employment Standards Act;

"work related" means arising from or in connection with work activities;

"worker" means

(a) a worker as defined in section 1, and

(b) a person who is deemed to be a worker under Part 1 or the regulations under that Part, or to whom that Part applies as if the person were a worker,
but does not include a person exempted from the application of this Part by order of the Board;

"worker health and safety representative" means a worker health and safety representative under section 139;

"worker representative" means

(a) in relation to a workplace for which there is a joint committee, a worker representative on the committee, and

(b) in relation to a workplace for which there is a worker health and safety representative, that representative;

"workplace" means any place where a worker is or is likely to be engaged in any work and includes any vessel, vehicle or mobile equipment used by a worker in work.

107 Purposes of Part

(1) The purpose of this Part is to benefit all citizens of British Columbia by promoting occupational health and safety and protecting workers and other persons present at workplaces from work related risks to their health and safety.

(2) Without limiting subsection (1), the specific purposes of this Part are

(a) to promote a culture of commitment on the part of employers and workers to a high standard of occupational health and safety,

(b) to prevent work related accidents, injuries and illnesses,

(c) to encourage the education of employers, workers and others regarding occupational health and safety,

(d) to ensure an occupational environment that provides for the health and safety of workers and others,

(e) to ensure that employers, workers and others who are in a position to affect the occupational health and safety of workers share that responsibility to the extent of each party's authority and ability to do so,

(f) to foster cooperative and consultative relationships between employers, workers and others regarding occupational health and safety, and to promote worker participation in occupational health and safety programs and occupational health and safety processes, and

(g) to minimize the social and economic costs of work related accidents, injuries and illnesses, in order to enhance the quality of life for British Columbians and the competitiveness of British Columbia in the Canadian and world economies.

108 Application of Part

(1) Subject to subsection (2), this Part applies to

(a) the Provincial government and every agency of the Provincial government,

(b) every employer and worker whose occupational health and safety are ordinarily within the jurisdiction of the Provincial government, and

(c) the federal government, every agency of the federal government and every other person whose occupational health and safety are ordinarily within the jurisdiction of the Parliament of Canada, to the extent that the federal government submits to the application of this Part.

(2) This Part and the regulations do not apply in respect of

(a) mines to which the Mines Act applies,

(b) [Repealed 2004-8-33.]

(c) subject to subsection (3), the operation of industrial camps to the extent their operation is subject to regulations under the Public Health Act.

(3) The Lieutenant Governor in Council may, by regulation, provide that all aspects of this Part and the regulations apply to camps referred to in subsection (2)(c), in which case this Part and the regulations prevail over the regulations under the Public Health Act to the extent of any conflict.

109 Review of Part and regulations

(1) The minister may appoint a committee to conduct a review of all or part of this Part and the regulations and to report to the minister concerning its recommendations.

(2) A review under this section must include a process of consultations with representatives of employers, workers and other persons affected by this Part and the regulations.

(3) For certainty, the costs of a review under this section are part of the costs of administering this Act.

110 Relationship with Part 1

(1) The failure to comply with any provision of this Part or the regulations does not affect the right of a worker to compensation, if otherwise entitled, under Part 1 of this Act.

(2) The liabilities and obligations of a person under Part 1 of this Act are not decreased or removed by reason only of the person's compliance with the provisions of this Part or the regulations.

Part 3 Division 2 - Board Mandate

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111 Board's mandate under this Part

(1) In accordance with the purposes of this Part, the Board has the mandate to be concerned with occupational health and safety generally, and with the maintenance of reasonable standards for the protection of the health and safety of workers in British Columbia and the occupational environment in which they work.

(2) In carrying out its mandate, the Board has the following functions, duties and powers:

(a) to exercise its authority to make regulations to establish standards and requirements for the protection of the health and safety of workers and the occupational environment in which they work;

(b) to undertake inspections, investigations and inquiries on matters of occupational health and safety and occupational environment;

(c) to provide services to assist joint committees, worker health and safety representatives, employers and workers in maintaining reasonable standards for occupational health and safety and occupational environment;

(d) to ensure that persons concerned with the purposes of this Part are provided with information and advice relating to its administration and to occupational health and safety and occupational environment generally;

(e) to encourage, develop and conduct or participate in conducting programs for promoting occupational health and safety and for improving the qualifications of persons concerned with occupational health and safety and occupational environment;

(f) to promote public awareness of matters related to occupational health and safety and occupational environment;

(g) to prepare and maintain statistics relating to occupational health and safety and occupational environment, either by itself or in conjunction with any other agency;

(h) to undertake or support research and the publication of research on matters relating to its responsibilities under this Act;

(i) to establish programs of grants and awards in relation to its responsibilities under this Act;

(j) to provide assistance to persons concerned with occupational health and safety and occupational environment;

(k) to cooperate and enter into arrangements and agreements with governments and other agencies and persons on matters relating to its responsibilities under this Part;

(l) to make recommendations to the minister respecting amendments to this Act, the regulations under this Part or Part 1 of this Act, or other legislation that affects occupational health and safety or occupational environment;

(m) to inquire into and report to the minister on any matter referred to it by the minister, within the time specified by the minister;

(n) to fulfill its mandate under this Part in a financially responsible manner;

(o) to do other things in relation to occupational health and safety or occupational environment that the minister or Lieutenant Governor in Council may direct.

112 Annual report

The annual report of the Board under section 69 must include

(a) a review of its activities under this Part for the year, including financial, statistical and performance information, and

(b) an assessment of the occupational health and safety record of workplaces in British Columbia.

113 Board jurisdiction under this Part

(1) Subject to sections 239 and 240, the Board has exclusive jurisdiction to inquire into, hear and determine all those matters and questions of fact and law arising or required to be determined under this Part, and the action or decision of the Board is final and conclusive and is not open to question or review in any court.

(2) Despite subsection (1), but subject to subsection (2.1) and sections 189 (1) and 190 (4), the Board may at any time, on its own initiative, make a new decision or order varying or cancelling a previous decision or order of the Board or of any officer or employee of the Board respecting any matter that is within the jurisdiction of the Board under this Part.

(2.1) The Board may not make a decision or an order under subsection (2) if

(a) a review has been requested under section 96.2 in respect of the previous decision or order, or

(b) an appeal has been filed under section 240 in respect of the previous decision or order.

(2.2) Despite subsection (1), the Board may review a decision or order made by the Board or by an officer or employee of the Board under this Part but only as specifically provided in sections 96.2 to 96.5.

(2.3) Despite subsection (1), the Board may at any time set aside any decision or order made by it or by an officer or employee of the Board under this Part if that decision or order resulted from fraud or misrepresentation of the facts or circumstances upon which the decision or order was based.

(3) Proceedings by or before the Board under this Part must not be restrained by injunction, prohibition or other process or proceeding in any court or be removed by certiorari or otherwise into any court.

(4) An action may not be maintained or brought against the Board or a director, an officer or an employee of the Board in respect of any act, omission or decision

(a) that was within the jurisdiction of the Board under this Part, or

(b) that the Board, director, officer or employee believed was within the jurisdiction of the Board under this Part.

(5) The Board may charge a class or subclass with the cost of investigations, inspections and other services provided to the class or subclass for the prevention of injuries and illnesses.

114 Cooperation agreements

(1) Without limiting section 8.1, the Board may enter into agreements or make arrangements respecting cooperation, coordination and assistance related to occupational health and safety and occupational environment matters with the Provincial government, the government of Canada or the government of another province or territory, or an agency of any of those governments, or with another appropriate authority.

(2) In relation to an agreement or arrangement under subsection (1), the Board may

(a) authorize Board officers to act on behalf of the other party to the agreement or arrangement, and

(b) authorize persons appointed by the other party to the agreement or arrangement to act as an officer under this Act, subject to any conditions or restrictions established by the Board.

Part 3 Division 3 - General Duties of Employers, Workers and Others

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115 General duties of employers

(1) Every employer must

(a) ensure the health and safety of

(i) all workers working for that employer, and

(ii) any other workers present at a workplace at which that employer's work is being carried out, and

(b) comply with this Part, the regulations and any applicable orders.

(2) Without limiting subsection (1), an employer must

(a) remedy any workplace conditions that are hazardous to the health or safety of the employer's workers,

(b) ensure that the employer's workers

(i) are made aware of all known or reasonably foreseeable health or safety hazards to which they are likely to be exposed by their work,

(ii) comply with this Part, the regulations and any applicable orders, and

(iii) are made aware of their rights and duties under this Part and the regulations,

(c) establish occupational health and safety policies and programs in accordance with the regulations,

(d) provide and maintain in good condition protective equipment, devices and clothing as required by regulation and ensure that these are used by the employer's workers,

(e) provide to the employer's workers the information, instruction, training and supervision necessary to ensure the health and safety of those workers in carrying out their work and to ensure the health and safety of other workers at the workplace,

(f) make a copy of this Act and the regulations readily available for review by the employer's workers and, at each workplace where workers of the employer are regularly employed, post and keep posted a notice advising where the copy is available for review,

(g) consult and cooperate with the joint committees and worker health and safety representatives for workplaces of the employer, and

(h) cooperate with the Board, officers of the Board and any other person carrying out a duty under this Part or the regulations.

116 General duties of workers

(1) Every worker must

(a) take reasonable care to protect the worker's health and safety and the health and safety of other persons who may be affected by the worker's acts or omissions at work, and

(b) comply with this Part, the regulations and any applicable orders.

(2) Without limiting subsection (1), a worker must

(a) carry out his or her work in accordance with established safe work procedures as required by this Part and the regulations,

(b) use or wear protective equipment, devices and clothing as required by the regulations,

(c) not engage in horseplay or similar conduct that may endanger the worker or any other person,

(d) ensure that the worker's ability to work without risk to his or her health or safety, or to the health or safety of any other person, is not impaired by alcohol, drugs or other causes,

(e) report to the supervisor or employer

(i) any contravention of this Part, the regulations or an applicable order of which the worker is aware, and

(ii) the absence of or defect in any protective equipment, device or clothing, or the existence of any other hazard, that the worker considers is likely to endanger the worker or any other person,

(f) cooperate with the joint committee or worker health and safety representative for the workplace, and

(g) cooperate with the Board, officers of the Board and any other person carrying out a duty under this Part or the regulations.

* See guideline G-D3-116 Orders to workers for more information.

117 General duties of supervisors

(1) Every supervisor must

(a) ensure the health and safety of all workers under the direct supervision of the supervisor,

(b) be knowledgeable about this Part and those regulations applicable to the work being supervised, and

(c) comply with this Part, the regulations and any applicable orders.

(2) Without limiting subsection (1), a supervisor must

(a) ensure that the workers under his or her direct supervision

(i) are made aware of all known or reasonably foreseeable health or safety hazards in the area where they work, and

(ii) comply with this Part, the regulations and any applicable orders,

(b) consult and cooperate with the joint committee or worker health and safety representative for the workplace, and

(c) cooperate with the Board, officers of the Board and any other person carrying out a duty under this Part or the regulations.

* See guideline G-D3-116 Orders to workers for more information.

118 Coordination at multiple-employer workplaces

(1) In this section:

"multiple-employer workplace" means a workplace where workers of 2 or more employers are working at the same time;

"prime contractor" means, in relation to a multiple-employer workplace,

(a) the directing contractor, employer or other person who enters into a written agreement with the owner of that workplace to be the prime contractor for the purposes of this Part, or

(b) if there is no agreement referred to in paragraph (a), the owner of the workplace.

(2) The prime contractor of a multiple-employer workplace must

(a) ensure that the activities of employers, workers and other persons at the workplace relating to occupational health and safety are coordinated, and

(b) do everything that is reasonably practicable to establish and maintain a system or process that will ensure compliance with this Part and the regulations in respect of the workplace.

(3) Each employer of workers at a multiple-employer workplace must give to the prime contractor the name of the person the employer has designated to supervise the employer's workers at that workplace.

119 General duties of owner

Every owner of a workplace must

(a) provide and maintain the owner's land and premises that are being used as a workplace in a manner that ensures the health and safety of persons at or near the workplace,

(b) give to the employer or prime contractor at the workplace the information known to the owner that is necessary to identify and eliminate or control hazards to the health or safety of persons at the workplace, and

(c) comply with this Part, the regulations and any applicable orders.

120 General duties of suppliers

Every supplier must

(a) ensure that any tool, equipment, machine or device, or any biological, chemical or physical agent, supplied by the supplier is safe when used in accordance with the directions provided by the supplier and complies with this Part and the regulations,

(b) provide directions respecting the safe use of any tool, equipment, machine or device, or any biological, chemical or physical agent, that is obtained from the supplier to be used at a workplace by workers,

(c) ensure that any biological, chemical or physical agent supplied by the supplier is labelled in accordance with the applicable federal and provincial enactments,

(d) if the supplier has responsibility under a leasing agreement to maintain any tool, equipment, machine, device or other thing, maintain it in safe condition and in compliance with this Part, the regulations and any applicable orders, and

(e) comply with this Part, the regulations and any applicable orders.

121 Duties of directors and officers of a corporation

Every director and every officer of a corporation must ensure that the corporation complies with this Part, the regulations and any applicable orders.

122 General obligations are not limited by specific obligations

A specific obligation imposed by this Part or the regulations does not limit the generality of any other obligation imposed by this Part or the regulations.

123 Persons may be subject to obligations in relation to more than one role

(1) In this section, "function" means the function of employer, supplier, supervisor, owner, prime contractor or worker.

(2) If a person has 2 or more functions under this Part in respect of one workplace, the person must meet the obligations of each function.

124 Responsibility when obligations apply to more than one person

If

(a) one or more provisions of this Part or the regulations impose the same obligation on more than one person, and

(b) one of the persons subject to the obligation complies with the applicable provision,

the other persons subject to the obligation are relieved of that obligation only during the time when

(c) simultaneous compliance by more than one person would result in unnecessary duplication of effort and expense, and

(d) the health and safety of persons at the workplace is not put at risk by compliance by only one person.

Part 3 Division 4 - Joint Committees and Worker Representatives

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125 When a joint committee is required

An employer must establish and maintain a joint health and safety committee

(a) in each workplace where 20 or more workers of the employer are regularly employed, and

(b) in any other workplace for which a joint committee is required by order.

126 Variations in committee requirements

(1) Despite section 125, the Board may, by order, require or permit an employer to establish and maintain

(a) more than one joint committee for a single workplace of the employer,

(b) one joint committee for more than one workplace or parts of more than one workplace of the employer, or

(c) one joint committee for the workplace or parts of the workplaces of a number of employers, if the workplaces are the same, overlapping or adjoining.

(2) An order under subsection (1) may

(a) specify the workplace, workplaces or parts for which a joint committee is required or permitted, and

(b) provide for variations regarding the practice and procedure of a joint committee from the provisions otherwise applicable under this Part or the regulations.

127 Membership of joint committee

A joint committee for a workplace must be established in accordance with the following:

(a) it must have at least 4 members or, if a greater number of members is required by regulation, that greater number;

(b) it must consist of worker representatives and employer representatives;

(c) at least half the members must be worker representatives;

(d) it must have 2 co-chairs, one selected by the worker representatives and the other selected by the employer representatives.

128 Selection of worker representatives

(1) The worker representatives on a joint committee must be selected from workers at the workplace who do not exercise managerial functions at that workplace, as follows:

(a) if the workers are represented by one or more unions, the worker representatives are to be selected according to the procedures established or agreed on by the union or unions;

(b) if none of the workers are represented by a union, the worker representatives are to be elected by secret ballot;

(c) if some of the workers are represented by one or more unions and some are not represented by a union, the worker representatives are to be selected in accordance with paragraphs (a) and (b) in equitable proportion to their relative numbers and relative risks to health and safety;

(d) if the workers do not make their own selection after being given the opportunity under paragraphs (a) to (c), the employer must seek out and assign persons to act as worker representatives.

(2) The employer or a worker may request the Board to provide direction as to how an election under subsection (1) (b) is to be conducted.

(3) The employer, or a union or a worker at a workplace referred to in subsection (1) (c), may request the Board to provide direction as to how the requirements of that provision are to be applied in the workplace.

129 Selection of employer representatives

(1) The employer representatives on a joint committee must be selected by the employer from among persons who exercise managerial functions for the employer and, to the extent possible, who do so at the workplace for which the joint committee is established.

(2) For certainty, an individual employer may act as an employer representative.

130 Duties and functions of joint committee

A joint committee has the following duties and functions in relation to its workplace:

(a) to identify situations that may be unhealthy or unsafe for workers and advise on effective systems for responding to those situations;

(b) to consider and expeditiously deal with complaints relating to the health and safety of workers;

(c) to consult with workers and the employer on issues related to occupational health and safety and occupational environment;

(d) to make recommendations to the employer and the workers for the improvement of the occupational health and safety and occupational environment of workers;

(e) to make recommendations to the employer on educational programs promoting the health and safety of workers and compliance with this Part and the regulations and to monitor their effectiveness;

(f) to advise the employer on programs and policies required under the regulations for the workplace and to monitor their effectiveness;

(g) to advise the employer on proposed changes to the workplace, including significant proposed changes to equipment and machinery, or the work processes that may affect the health or safety of workers;

(h) to ensure that accident investigations and regular inspections are carried out as required by this Part and the regulations;

(i) to participate in inspections, investigations and inquiries as provided in this Part and the regulations;

(j) to carry out any other duties and functions prescribed by regulation.

131 Joint committee procedure

(1) Subject to this Part and the regulations, a joint committee must establish its own rules of procedure, including rules respecting how it is to perform its duties and functions.

(2) A joint committee must meet regularly at least once each month, unless another schedule is permitted or required by regulation or order.

132 Assistance in resolving disagreements within committee

(1) If a joint committee is unable to reach agreement on a matter relating to the health or safety of workers at the workplace, a co-chair of the committee may report this to the Board, which may investigate the matter and attempt to resolve the matter.

(2) If the Board considers that a joint committee is unable to reach agreement on a matter relating to the health or safety of workers at the workplace, the Board, on its own initiative, may investigate the matter and attempt to resolve the matter.

133 Employer must respond to committee recommendations

(1) This section applies if a joint committee sends a written recommendation to an employer with a written request for a response from the employer.

(2) Subject to subsections (4) and (5), the employer must respond in writing to the committee within 21 days of receiving the request, either

(a) indicating acceptance of the recommendation, or

(b) giving the employer's reasons for not accepting the recommendation.

(3) If the employer does not accept the committee's recommendations, a co-chair of the committee may report the matter to the Board, which may investigate and attempt to resolve the matter.

(4) If it is not reasonably possible to provide a response before the end of the 21 day period, the employer must provide within that time a written explanation for the delay, together with an indication of when the response will be provided.

(5) If the joint committee is not satisfied that the explanation provided under subsection (4) is reasonable in the circumstances, a co-chair of the committee may report this to the Board, which may investigate the matter and may, by order, establish a deadline by which the employer must respond.

(6) Nothing in this section relieves an employer of the obligation to comply with this Part and the regulations.

134 Time from work for meetings and other committee functions

(1) A member of a joint committee is entitled to time off from work for

(a) the time required to attend meetings of the committee, and

(b) other time that is reasonably necessary to prepare for meetings of the committee and to fulfill the other functions and duties of the committee.

(2) Time off under subsection (1) is deemed to be time worked for the employer, and the employer must pay the member for that time.

135 Educational leave

(1) Each member of a joint committee is entitled to an annual educational leave totalling 8 hours, or a longer period if prescribed by regulation, for the purposes of attending occupational health and safety training courses conducted by or with the approval of the Board.

(2) A member of the joint committee may designate another member as being entitled to take all or part of the member's educational leave.

(3) The employer must provide the educational leave under this section without loss of pay or other benefits and must pay for, or reimburse the worker for, the costs of the training course and the reasonable costs of attending the course.

136 Other employer obligations to support committee

(1) The employer must provide the joint committee with the equipment, premises and clerical personnel necessary for the carrying out of its duties and functions.

(2) On request of the joint committee, the employer must provide the committee with information respecting

(a) the identification of known or reasonably foreseeable health or safety hazards to which workers at the workplace are likely to be exposed,

(b) health and safety experience and work practices and standards in similar or other industries of which the employer has knowledge,

(c) orders, penalties and prosecutions under this Part or the regulations relating to health and safety at the workplace, and

(d) any other matter prescribed by regulation.

137 Committee reports

(1) After each joint committee meeting, the committee must prepare a report of the meeting and provide a copy to the employer.

(2) The employer must

(a) if so requested by a union representing workers at the workplace, send a copy of the reports under subsection (1) to the union,

(b) retain a copy of the reports for at least 2 years from the date of the joint committee meeting to which they relate, and

(c) ensure that the retained reports are readily accessible to the joint committee members, workers of the employer, officers and other persons authorized by the Board or the minister.

138 Employer must post committee information

At each workplace where workers of an employer are regularly employed, the employer must post and keep posted

(a) the names and work locations of the joint committee members,

(b) the reports of the 3 most recent joint committee meetings, and

(c) copies of any applicable orders under this Division for the preceding 12 months.

139 Worker health and safety representative

(1) A worker health and safety representative is required

(a) in each workplace where there are more than 9 but fewer than 20 workers of the employer regularly employed, and

(b) in any other workplace for which a worker health and safety representative is required by order of the Board.

(2) The worker health and safety representative must be selected in accordance with section 128 from among the workers at the workplace who do not exercise managerial functions at that workplace.

(3) To the extent practicable, a worker health and safety representative has the same duties and functions as a joint committee.

(4) Sections 133 to 136 apply in relation to a worker health and safety representative as if the representative were a joint committee or member of a joint committee.

140 Participation of worker representative in inspections

If

(a) this Part or the regulations give a worker representative the right to be present for an inspection, investigation or inquiry at a workplace, and

(b) no worker representative is reasonably available,

the right may be exercised by another worker who has previously been designated as an alternate by the worker representative.

Part 3 Division 5 [Not in force]

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Note:  Division 5, which includes sections 141-149, has been excluded because it is not in force.

Part 3 Division 6 - Prohibition Against Discriminatory Action

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150 Actions that are considered discriminatory

(1) For the purposes of this Division, "discriminatory action" includes any act or omission by an employer or union, or a person acting on behalf of an employer or union, that adversely affects a worker with respect to any term or condition of employment, or of membership in a union.

(2) Without restricting subsection (1), discriminatory action includes

(a) suspension, lay-off or dismissal,

(b) demotion or loss of opportunity for promotion,

(c) transfer of duties, change of location of workplace, reduction in wages or change in working hours,

(d) coercion or intimidation,

(e) imposition of any discipline, reprimand or other penalty, and

(f) the discontinuation or elimination of the job of the worker.

151 Discrimination against workers prohibited

An employer or union, or a person acting on behalf of an employer or union, must not take or threaten discriminatory action against a worker

(a) for exercising any right or carrying out any duty in accordance with this Part, the regulations or an applicable order,

(b) for the reason that the worker has testified or is about to testify in any matter, inquiry or proceeding under this Act or the Coroners Act on an issue related to occupational health and safety or occupational environment, or

(c) for the reason that the worker has given any information regarding conditions affecting the occupational health or safety or occupational environment of that worker or any other worker to

(i) an employer or person acting on behalf of an employer,

(ii) another worker or a union representing a worker, or

(iii) an officer or any other person concerned with the administration of this Part.

152 Complaint by worker against discriminatory action or failure to pay wages

(1) A worker who considers that

(a) an employer or union, or a person acting on behalf of an employer or union, has taken, or threatened to take, discriminatory action against the worker contrary to section 151, or

(b) an employer has failed to pay wages to the worker as required by this Part or the regulations

may have the matter dealt with through the grievance procedure under a collective agreement, if any, or by complaint in accordance with this Division.

(2) A complaint under subsection (1) must be made in writing to the Board,

(a) in the case of a complaint referred to in subsection (1) (a), within 1 year of the action considered to be discriminatory, and

(b) in the case of a complaint referred to in subsection (1) (b), within 60 days after the wages became payable.

(3) In dealing with a matter referred to in subsection (1), whether under a collective agreement or by complaint to the Board, the burden of proving that there has been no such contravention is on the employer or the union, as applicable.

153 Response to complaint

(1) If the Board receives a complaint under section 152 (2), it must immediately inquire into the matter and, if the complaint is not settled or withdrawn, must

(a) determine whether the alleged contravention occurred, and

(b) deliver a written statement of the Board's determination to the worker and to the employer or union, as applicable.

(2) If the Board determines that the contravention occurred, the Board may make an order requiring one or more of the following:

(a) that the employer or union cease the discriminatory action;

(b) that the employer reinstate the worker to his or her former employment under the same terms and conditions under which the worker was formerly employed;

(c) that the employer pay, by a specified date, the wages required to be paid by this Part or the regulations;

(d) that the union reinstate the membership of the worker in the union;

(e) that any reprimand or other references to the matter in the employer's or union's records on the worker be removed;

(f) that the employer or the union pay the reasonable out of pocket expenses incurred by the worker by reason of the discriminatory action;

(g) that the employer or the union do any other thing that the Board considers necessary to secure compliance with this Part and the regulations.

Part 3 Division 7 - Information and Confidentiality

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154 Posting of information

(1) Where this Part, the regulations or an order requires an employer or other person to post information at a workplace, the person must

(a) post the information at or near the workplace in one or more conspicuous places where it is most likely to come to the attention of the workers, or

(b) otherwise bring it to the notice of and make it available to the workers at the workplace in accordance with the regulations.

(2) If reasonably practicable, at least one place of posting under subsection (1) (a) must be at or near the equipment, works or area to which the information relates.

(3) As an exception, if posting or notice referred to in subsection (1) is not reasonably practicable, the employer or other person must instead adopt other measures to ensure that the information is effectively brought to the attention of the workers.

155 Occupational health and safety information summary

(1) An occupational health and safety information summary for a workplace or workplaces of an employer may be requested by

(a) the employer,

(b) a joint committee or worker representative of the employer,

(c) a union representing workers of the employer, or

(d) if there is no joint committee or worker representative for a workplace, any worker of the employer working at the workplace.

(2) On receiving a request under subsection (1), the Board must prepare a summary in relation to the workplace or workplaces for which the request is made of

(a) the prescribed information relating to the previous calendar year, and

(b) any other data the Board considers necessary or advisable to provide.

(3) A summary requested under this section must be sent to the person who made the request and, if the request was made by a person other than the employer, to the employer.

(4) As soon as reasonably practicable after an employer receives a summary under this section, the employer must

(a) post a copy at the workplaces to which it relates,

(b) provide a copy to the joint committees or worker representatives, as applicable, and

(c) if workers at a workplace to which it relates are represented by a union, send a copy to the union.

156 Information that must be kept confidential

(1) A person must not disclose or publish the following information, except for the purpose of administering this Act and the regulations or as otherwise required by law:

(a) information obtained in a medical examination, test or X-ray of a worker made or taken under this Part, Part 4 or the regulations, unless the worker consents or the information is disclosed in a form calculated to prevent the information from being identified with a particular person or case;

(b) information with respect to a claim under Part 1 of this Act obtained by the person by reason of the performance of any duty or the exercise of any power under this Part, Part 4 or the regulations;

(c) information with respect to a trade secret, or with respect to a work process whether or not it is a trade secret, obtained by the person by reason of the performance of any duty or the exercise of any power under this Part, Part 4 or the regulations;

(d) information obtained under this Part, Part 4 or the regulations that is exempted or subject to a claim for exemption as confidential business information in respect of a hazardous substance, as referred to in section 158 (2)(m);

(e) in the case of information received by the person in confidence by reason of the performance of any duty or the exercise of any power under this Part, Part 4 or the regulations, the name of the informant.

(2) Except in the performance of his or her duties,

(a) an officer,

(b) a person who accompanies an officer under section 182, or

(c) a person who conducts a test or other examination under this Part or Part 4 at the request of an officer must not publish or disclose information obtained or made by the officer or other person in connection with his or her duties or powers under this Part or Part 4.

(3) Despite subsection (2), the Board may disclose or publish information referred to in that subsection, or authorize it to be disclosed or published, if the Board considers this advisable in the public interest.

(4) Except for the purposes of an inquest under the Coroners Act, an officer or other person referred to in subsection (2) is not a compellable witness in a civil suit or other proceeding respecting any information provided to the person in confidence.

(5) For the purposes of section 21 (1) (b) of the Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act, information referred to in subsection (1) (c) or (d) or (2) of this section that is in the custody or under the control of the Board or the appeal tribunal, whether or not supplied to the Board or the appeal tribunal, is deemed to be supplied to the Board or the appeal tribunal in confidence if it is

(a) information with respect to a trade secret, or with respect to a work process whether or not it is a trade secret,

(b) exempted or subject to a claim for exemption as confidential business information in respect of a hazardous substance, as referred to in section 158 (2)(m), or

(c) commercial, financial, labour relations, scientific or technical information of an employer or supplier.

(6) This section does not apply to prevent a person from providing information, including confidential business information, in a medical emergency for the purpose of diagnosis, medical treatment or first aid.

157 Information that must be provided in a medical emergency

(1) If a medical practitioner, a nurse or a person who is a prescribed health professional determines that

(a) a medical emergency exists, and

(b) information regarding a hazardous substance is needed for the purpose of diagnosis or providing medical treatment or first aid,

an employer, supplier or chemical manufacturer must immediately disclose to the requesting health professional all applicable information, including confidential business information, that is in the possession of the employer, supplier or manufacturer.

(2) A person to whom information is provided under subsection (1) must keep confidential any information specified by the person providing the information as being confidential, except for the purpose for which it is provided.

Part 3 Division 8 - Miscellaneous Authority

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158 Regulations in relation to hazardous and other substances

(1) The Board may, for the purpose of protecting the health or safety of workers, make regulations in relation to hazardous substances and other substances that are potentially harmful to workers.

(2) Without limiting subsection (1), the Board may make regulations as follows:

(a) prohibiting or regulating the transportation, storage, handling, use or disposal of any biological, chemical or physical agent;

(b) prohibiting persons other than those meeting prescribed qualifications from transporting, storing, handling, using or disposing of any biological, chemical or physical agent;

(c) prohibiting or regulating the manufacture, import, supply or sale or other disposition of any biological, chemical or physical agent;

(d) establishing requirements with respect to the testing, labelling or examination of any substance or material;

(e) establishing requirements with respect to the labelling of biological, chemical or physical agents supplied by a supplier;

(f) establishing requirements for records that must be kept in relation to hazardous substances and other substances that are potentially harmful to workers;

(g) designating a biological, chemical or physical agent as a hazardous substance;

(h) classifying hazardous substances;

(i) establishing requirements with respect to the labelling or identification of a hazardous substance;

(j) establishing requirements with respect to safety data sheets to be provided for a hazardous substance;

(k) establishing requirements with respect to worker training and instruction in relation to hazardous substances;

(l) establishing requirements with respect to the disclosure of information in respect of a hazardous substance, including disclosure of confidential business information;

(m) providing for exemptions from disclosure of confidential business information in respect of a hazardous substance;

(n) establishing or designating an agency, board or commission to determine whether information in respect of a hazardous substance is confidential business information;

(o) respecting the procedures, powers and functions of an agency, board or commission referred to in paragraph (n);

(p) respecting the reporting by physicians and others of cases in which workers are affected by hazardous substances.

159 Certification and training of first aid attendants and instructors

The Board may

(a) supervise the training of and train occupational first aid attendants and instructors,

(b) appoint examiners and conduct examinations for the purposes of this section,

(c) issue, renew and amend certificates to occupational first aid attendants and instructors,

(d) enter into arrangements by which other persons provide training, give examinations and issue certificates for the purposes of this section, and

(e) establish fees for the purposes of this section.

160 Installation and maintenance of required first aid equipment

If an employer fails, neglects or refuses to install or maintain first aid equipment or service required by regulation or order, the Board may do one or more of the following:

(a) have the first aid equipment and service installed, in which case the cost of this is a debt owed by the employer to the Board;

(b) impose a special rate of assessment under Part 1 of this Act;

(c) order the employer to immediately close down all or part of the workplace or work being done there until the employer complies with the applicable regulation or order.

161 Medical monitoring programs

(1) If the Board considers this is advisable given the nature or conditions of a work activity, the Board may, by regulation, require employers of workers who carry out that activity or who are exposed to those conditions to establish a medical monitoring program in accordance with this section and the regulations.

(2) The following apply to a medical monitoring program under this section:

(a) the program is to be provided at the expense of the employer;

(b) a worker may not be compelled to participate in the program;

(c) a worker who participates in the program must be advised of the results of each examination.

(3) A regulation under subsection (1) may prescribe

(a) the medical examinations, including tests and X-rays, that are required,

(b) the type of health professional who is authorized to conduct the examinations,

(c) when examinations are required,

(d) the information that must be obtained and recorded,

(e) the information that must be provided to the worker, and

(f) responsibilities for keeping the records related to the program.

(4) The Board may require the health professional who conducted an examination for the purposes of this section, or the person keeping the records for the purposes of the program, to provide to the Board the information referred to in subsection (3)(d).

162 Medical certification requirements

(1) If the Board considers this is advisable given the physical requirements of a specific type of work, the Board may, by regulation, require employers to ensure that workers performing that work are medically certified as to their physical fitness for the work.

(2) A regulation under subsection (1) may prescribe

(a) the medical examinations, including tests and X-rays, that are required for certification,

(b) the type of health professional who is authorized to make the certification,

(c) when reevaluations and renewals of certificates are required,

(d) the information that must be obtained and recorded, and

(e) who is to pay for the cost of the certification.

(3) The Board may require the health professional who conducted an examination for the purposes of this section to provide to the Board the information referred to in subsection (2)(d).

163 Certification and training of blasters

The Board may

(a) supervise the training of and train blasters and instructors,

(b) appoint examiners and conduct examinations for the purposes of this section,

(c) issue, renew and amend certificates to blasters and instructors,

(d) enter into arrangements by which other persons provide training, give examinations and issue certificates for the purposes of this section, and

(e) establish fees for the purposes of this section.

Part 3 Division 9 - Variance Orders

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164 Board may authorize variances

(1) On application, the Board may, by order, authorize a variance from a provision of the regulations.

(2) A variance order may be made only if the Board is satisfied that the variance

(a) affords protection for workers equal to or greater than the protection established by the provision being varied, or

(b) has substantially the same purpose and effect as the provision being varied.

(3) A variance order may be made applicable to

(a) a specified workplace, or

(b) a specified work process at all or specified workplaces of a specified employer.

(4) As a limit on the authority under subsection (1), a provision in a regulation of the Lieutenant Governor in Council under this Part may only be varied if this is permitted by regulation of the Lieutenant Governor in Council.

165 Effective period for variance order

(1) Unless another time is established in the order, a variance order ceases to have effect 3 years from the date on which it first comes into effect.

(2) The Board may only establish an effective period longer than 3 years if the application for the variance expressly requested the longer period.

166 Application for variance

(1) Subject to the regulations and subsection (2), an application for a variance must be made in writing to the Board and must include

(a) a description of the requested variance,

(b) a statement of why the variance is requested, and

(c) information with respect to the benefits and drawbacks in relation to the matters addressed by the regulation that might reasonably be anticipated if the variation is allowed.

(2) In the case of an application by a single worker for a variance order that would apply only to that worker, an application may be made as permitted by the Board.

(3) The applicant must also provide the Board with the technical and any other information required by the Board to deal with the application.

167 Notice of application

(1) If the variance would apply to an existing workplace, the applicant must

(a) post a copy of the application at the workplace and keep it posted there until the decision on the requested variance is received by the applicant,

(b) provide a copy to the joint committee or worker representative, as applicable, and

(c) if workers at the workplace are represented by a union, send a copy to the union.

(2) If the variance would apply to a workplace that is not yet in existence, immediately after submitting the application for variance, the applicant must publish a notice of the application, including

(a) a description of the requested variance, and

(b) a statement of why the variance is requested,

where it would reasonably be expected to come to the attention of persons who may be affected by the decision on the requested variance.

168 Consultation on application

(1) After receiving an application for variance, the Board may give notice of the application and conduct consultations respecting that application as the Board considers advisable.

(2) Before making a decision on an application, the Board must provide an opportunity for persons who may be affected by the requested variance to submit to the Board information respecting their position on the requested variance.

(3) A union representing workers who may be affected by the requested variance is considered a person who may be affected for the purposes of subsection (2).

169 Decision on application

(1) The Board must give written reasons for a decision on an application for a variance order.

(2) The Board must give notice of its decision, including the written reasons and any variance order made, to the applicant and to any persons who submitted information under section 168 (2).

(3) The applicant must post a copy of the decision at each workplace to which it relates as follows:

(a) if the application for a variance order was refused, the applicant must keep the decision posted for 7 days or the period required by the order, whichever is longer;

(b) if a variance order was made, the applicant must keep the order and written reasons posted throughout the time the variance is in effect.

170 Legal effect of variance

(1) A variance order authorizes variance from the applicable provision of the regulations

(a) only in accordance with the terms and conditions of the variance order, and

(b) only during the time that there is compliance with its terms and conditions.

(2) For certainty, if the terms and conditions of a variance order are not met, the applicable provision of the regulations applies and the variance order is without effect.

171 Regulations review must consider variance history

The Board must consider the history of variance applications and variance orders as part of its process of regulations review referred to in section 228.

Part 3 Division 10 - Accident Reporting and Investigation

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172 Immediate notice of certain accidents

(1) An employer must immediately notify the Board of the occurrence of any accident that

(a) resulted in serious injury to or the death of a worker,

(b) involved a major structural failure or collapse of a building, bridge, tower, crane, hoist, temporary construction support system or excavation,

(c) involved the major release of a hazardous substance,

(c.1) involved a fire or explosion that had a potential for causing serious injury to a worker, or

(d) was an incident required by regulation to be reported.

(2) Except as otherwise directed by an officer of the Board or a peace officer, a person must not disturb the scene of an accident that is reportable under subsection (1) except so far as is necessary to

(a) attend to persons injured or killed,

(b) prevent further injuries or death, or

(c) protect property that is endangered as a result of the accident.

173 Incidents that must be investigated

(1) An employer must conduct a preliminary investigation under section 175 and a full investigation under section 176 respecting any accident or other incident that

(a) is required to be reported by section 172,

(b) resulted in injury to a worker requiring medical treatment,

(c) did not involve injury to a worker, or involved only minor injury not requiring medical treatment, but had a potential for causing serious injury to a worker, or

(d) was an incident required by regulation to be investigated.

(2) Subsection (1) does not apply in the case of a vehicle accident occurring on a public street or highway.

174 Investigation process

(1) An investigation required under this Division must be carried out by persons knowledgeable about the type of work involved and, if they are reasonably available, with the participation of the employer or a representative of the employer and a worker representative.

(1.1) For the purposes of subsection (1), the participation of the employer or a representative of the employer and a worker representative includes, but is not limited to, the following activities:

(a) viewing the scene of the incident with the persons carrying out the investigation;

(b) providing advice to the persons carrying out the investigation respecting the methods used to carry out the investigation, the scope of the investigation, or any other aspect of the investigation;

(c) other activities, as prescribed by the Board.

(2) Repealed.

(3) The employer must make every reasonable effort to have available for interview by a person conducting the investigation, or by an officer, all witnesses to the incident and any other persons whose presence might be necessary for a proper investigation of the incident.

(4) The employer must record the names, addresses and telephone numbers of persons referred to in subsection (3).

175 Preliminary investigation, report and follow-up action

(1) An employer must, immediately after the occurrence of an incident described in section 173, undertake a preliminary investigation to, as far as possible,

(a) identify any unsafe conditions, acts or procedures that significantly contributed to the incident, and

(b) if unsafe conditions, acts or procedures are identified under paragraph (a) of this subsection, determine the corrective action necessary to prevent, during a full investigation under section 176, the recurrence of similar incidents.

(2) The employer must ensure that a report of the preliminary investigation is

(a) prepared in accordance with the policies of the board of directors,

(b) completed within 48 hours of the occurrence of the incident,

(c) provided to the Board on request of the Board, and

(d) as soon as practicable after the report is completed, either

(i) provided to the joint committee or worker health and safety representative, as applicable, or

(ii) if there is no joint committee or worker health and safety representative, posted at the workplace.

(3) Following the preliminary investigation, the employer must, without undue delay, undertake any corrective action determined to be necessary under subsection (1) (b).

(4) If the employer takes corrective action under subsection (3), the employer, as soon as practicable, must

(a) prepare a report of the action taken, and

(b) either

(i) provide the report to the joint committee or worker health and safety representative, as applicable, or

(ii) if there is no joint committee or worker health and safety representative, post the report at the workplace.

176 Full investigation, report and follow-up action

(1) An employer must, immediately after completing a preliminary investigation under section 175, undertake a full investigation to, as far as possible,

(a) determine the cause or causes of the incident investigated under section 175,

(b) identify any unsafe conditions, acts or procedures that significantly contributed to the incident, and

(c) if unsafe conditions, acts or procedures are identified under paragraph (b) of this subsection, determine the corrective action necessary to prevent the recurrence of similar incidents.

(2) The employer must ensure that a report of the full investigation is

(a) prepared in accordance with the policies of the board of directors,

(b) submitted to the Board within 30 days of the occurrence of the incident, and

(c) within 30 days of the occurrence of the incident, either,

(i) provided to the joint committee or worker health and safety representative, as applicable, or

(ii) if there is no joint committee or worker health and safety representative, posted at the workplace.

(3) The Board may extend the time period, as the Board considers appropriate, for submitting a report under subsection (2)(b) or (c).

(4) Following the full investigation, the employer must, without undue delay, undertake any corrective action determined to be necessary under subsection (1)(c).

(5) If the employer takes corrective action under subsection (4), the employer, as soon as practicable, must

(a) prepare a report of the action taken, and

(b) either

(i) provide the report to the joint committee or worker health and safety representative, as applicable, or

(ii) if there is no joint committee or worker health and safety representative, post the report at the workplace.

177 Employer or supervisor must not attempt to prevent reporting

An employer or supervisor must not, by agreement, threat, promise, inducement, persuasion or any other means, seek to discourage, impede or dissuade a worker of the employer, or a dependant of the worker, from reporting to the Board

(a) an injury or allegation of injury, whether or not the injury occurred or is compensable under Part 1,

(b) an illness, whether or not the illness exists or is an occupational disease compensable under Part 1,

(c) a death, whether or not the death is compensable under Part 1, or

(d) a hazardous condition or allegation of hazardous condition in any work to which this Part applies.

Part 3 Division 11 - Inspections, Investigations and Inquiries

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178 Application of Division

This Division, as it applies in relation to inspections, also applies to investigations and inquiries.

179 Authority to conduct inspections

(1) An officer of the Board may enter a place, including a vehicle, vessel or mobile equipment, and conduct an inspection for the purpose of

(a) preventing work related accidents, injuries or illnesses,

(b) ascertaining the cause and particulars of a work related accident, injury or illness or of an incident that had the potential to cause a work related accident, injury or illness,

(c) investigating a complaint concerning health, safety or occupational environment matters at a workplace, or

(d) determining whether there is compliance with this Part, the regulations or an order.

(2) An inspection may be conducted

(a) at a reasonable hour of the day or night, or

(b) at any other time if the officer has reasonable grounds for believing that a situation exists that is or may be hazardous to workers.

(3) An officer may do one or more of the following for the purposes of an inspection under this Division:

(a) bring along any equipment or materials required for the inspection and be accompanied and assisted by a person who has special, expert or professional knowledge of a matter relevant to the inspection;

(b) inspect works, materials, products, tools, equipment, machines, devices or other things at the place;

(c) take samples and conduct tests of materials, products, tools, equipment, machines, devices or other things being produced, used or found at the place, including tests in which a sample is destroyed;

(d) require that a workplace or part of a workplace not be disturbed for a reasonable period of time;

(e) require that a tool, equipment, machine, device or other thing or process be operated or set in motion or that a system or procedure be carried out;

(f) inspect records that may be relevant and, on giving a receipt for a record, temporarily remove the record to make copies or extracts;

(g) require a person to produce within a reasonable time records in the person's possession or control that may be relevant;

(h) question persons with respect to matters that may be relevant, require persons to attend to answer questions and require questions to be answered on oath or affirmation;

(i) take photographs or recordings of the workplace and activities taking place in the workplace;

(j) attend a relevant training program of an employer;

(k) exercise other powers that may be necessary or incidental to the carrying out of the officer's functions and duties under this Part or the regulations.

(4) The authority to conduct an inspection under this Division is not limited by any other provision of this Part or the regulations giving specific authority in relation to the inspection.

(5) If an officer of the Board requests this, a peace officer may assist the officer in carrying out his or her functions and duties under this Part or the regulations.

180 Officer must produce credentials on request

(1) The Board must provide officers with written credentials of their appointment.

(2) On request, an officer must produce the credentials provided under this section when exercising or seeking to exercise any of the powers conferred on the officer under this Part.

181 Restrictions on access to private residences

(1) If a workplace, in addition to being a workplace, is occupied as a private residence, the authority under section 179 may be used to enter the place only if

(a) the occupier consents,

(b) the Board has given the occupier at least 24 hours' written notice of the inspection,

(c) the entry is made under the authority of a warrant under this Act or the Offence Act, or

(d) the Board has reasonable grounds for believing that the work activities or the workplace conditions are such that there is a significant risk that a worker might be killed or seriously injured or suffer a serious illness.

(2) The authority under section 179 must not be used to enter a place that is occupied as a private residence, but is not a workplace, except with the consent of the occupier or under the authority of a warrant under this Act or the Offence Act.

182 Representation on inspection

(1) Subject to this section, if an officer makes a physical inspection of a workplace under section 179,

(a) the employer or a representative of the employer, and

(b) a worker representative or, if there is no worker representative or the worker representative is not reasonably available, a reasonably available worker selected by the officer as a representative,

are entitled to accompany the officer on the inspection.

(2) A worker is to be considered not reasonably available for the purposes of subsection (1) if the employer objects to that person's participation in the inspection on the basis that it would unduly impede production, but the employer may only object to one person on this ground.

(3) Despite subsection (1), an officer may conduct a physical inspection of a workplace in the absence of a person referred to in that subsection if the circumstances are such that it is necessary to proceed with the inspection without the person.

(4) The time spent by a worker accompanying an officer under this section is deemed to be time worked for the employer, and the employer must pay the worker for that time.

(5) Nothing in this section requires the Board or an officer to give advance notice of an inspection.

(6) If an inspection involves the attendance of an officer at a workplace for a period longer than one day, the rights under this section may be abridged by direction of the officer.

183 Employer must post inspection reports

If an officer makes a written report to an employer relating to an inspection, whether or not the report includes an order, the employer must promptly

(a) post the report at the workplace to which it relates, and

(b) give a copy of the report to the joint committee or worker health and safety representative, as applicable.

184 Person being questioned is entitled to have another person present

(1) A person who is questioned by an officer on an inspection is entitled to be accompanied during the questioning by one other person of his or her choice who is reasonably available.

(2) As a limit on the person's choice under subsection (1), the officer may exclude a person who the officer has questioned or intends to question in relation to the matter.

(3) Subject to subsections (1) and (2), a person may be questioned by the officer either separate and apart from anyone else or in the presence of any other person permitted to be present by the officer.

185 Limited authority to seize evidence without warrant

(1) An officer may seize something without a warrant if

(a) the thing has been produced to the officer or is in plain view, and

(b) the officer has reasonable grounds for believing that this Part, the regulations or an order has been contravened and that the thing would afford evidence of the contravention.

(2) The officer must inform the person from whom a thing is seized under subsection (1) as to the reason for the seizure and must give the person a receipt for the thing.

(3) The officer may remove a thing seized under subsection (1) or may detain it in the place in which it was seized.

(4) As soon as reasonably practicable after something is seized under subsection (1), the officer must bring the thing, or a report of it, before a justice to be dealt with in accordance with the Offence Act as if it were seized pursuant to a warrant under that Act.

186 Assistance on inspection

(1) A person must provide all reasonable means in that person's power to facilitate an inspection under this Part.

(2) A person must not

(a) hinder, obstruct, molest or interfere with, or attempt to hinder, obstruct, molest or interfere with, an officer in the exercise of a power or the performance of a function or duty under this Part or the regulations,

(b) knowingly provide an officer with false information, or neglect or refuse to provide information required by an officer in the exercise of the officer's powers or performance of the officer's functions or duties under this Part or the regulations, or

(c) interfere with any monitoring equipment or device in a workplace placed or ordered to be placed there by the Board.

Part 3 Division 12 - Enforcement

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186.1 Compliance agreements

(1) The Board may enter into an agreement with an employer if the Board considers that

(a) the employer has contravened, or failed to comply with, a provision of this Part or the regulations,

(b) the employer has not contravened, or not failed to comply with, the same provision described in paragraph (a) within the 12 month period immediately preceding the contravention or failure as set out in that paragraph,

(c) the health or safety of workers, for which the employer has responsibilities under this Act, is not at immediate risk, and

(d) entering into the agreement is appropriate in the circumstances.

(2) An agreement entered into under subsection (1)

(a) must be in writing,

(b) must describe one or more actions the employer agrees to take, which may include one or more expenditures the employer agrees to make, to remedy the employer's contravention or failure as setout in subsection (1)(a) or the adverse effects that resulted from that contravention or failure,

(c) must set out the time frame within which the employer, with respect to each action described under paragraph (b) of this subsection, agrees to

(i) take the action, and

(ii) report to the Board on the action taken,

(d) must specify the date the agreement ends,

(e) must set out the required manner, form and content of the report referred to in paragraph (c)(ii) of this subsection, and

(f) may, subject to subsection (4), be amended if agreed to by the Board and the employer.

(3) The employer must, as soon as practicable after

(a) entering into an agreement under subsection (1),

(i) provide a copy of the agreement to the joint committee or worker health and safety representative, as applicable, or

(ii) if there is no joint committee or worker health and safety representative, post a copy of the agreement at the workplace, and

(b) reporting to the Board under subsection (2) (c) (ii),

(i) provide a copy of the report to the joint committee or worker health and safety representative, as applicable, or

(ii) if there is no joint committee or worker health and safety representative, post a copy of the report at the workplace.

(4) The Board must rescind an agreement entered into under subsection (1) if the Board considers that

(a) the employer has failed to

(i) take any of the actions described under subsection (2) (b) within the time frame set out for the action in subsection (2)(c)(i), or

(ii) report to the Board within the time frame set out in subsection (2)(c)(ii),

(b) the employer intentionally provided false or misleading information in relation to the agreement, or

(c) the health or safety of workers is at immediate risk, based on information received by the Board after the agreement was entered into.

(5) The Board may rescind an agreement entered into under subsection (1) if the Board considers that the agreement no longer adequately protects the health or safety of workers.

(6) A rescission of an agreement under subsection (4) or (5) takes effect immediately despite the employer not having received notice.

(7) As soon as practicable after rescinding an agreement under subsection (4) or (5), the Board must

(a) make reasonable efforts to provide verbal notice of the rescission to the employer, and

(b) send written notice of the rescission to the employer.

(8) Section 221 (4) to (6) does not apply to the sending of written notice under subsection (7)(b).

(9) The employer must, as soon as practicable after receiving written notice under subsection (7)(b),

(a) provide a copy of the written notice to the joint committee or worker health and safety representative, as applicable, or

(b) if there is no joint committee or worker health and safety representative, post a copy of the written notice at the workplace.

187 General authority to make orders

(1) The Board may make orders for the carrying out of any matter or thing regulated, controlled or required by this Part or the regulations, and may require that the order be carried out immediately or within the time specified in the order.

(2) Without limiting subsection (1), the authority under that subsection includes authority to make orders as follows:

(a) establishing standards that must be met and means and requirements that must be adopted in any work or workplace for the prevention of work related accidents, injuries and illnesses;

(b) requiring a person to take measures to ensure compliance with this Act and the regulations or specifying measures that a person must take in order to ensure compliance with this Act and the regulations;

(c) requiring an employer to provide in accordance with the order a medical monitoring program as referred to in section 161;

(d) requiring an employer, at the employer's expense, to obtain test or assessment results respecting any thing or procedure in or about a workplace, in accordance with any requirements specified by the Board, and to provide that information to the Board;

(e) requiring an employer to install and maintain first aid equipment and service in accordance with the order;

(f) requiring a person to post or attach a copy of the order, or other information, as directed by the order or by an officer;

(g) establishing requirements respecting the form and use of reports, certificates, declarations and other records that may be authorized or required under this Part;

(h) doing anything that is contemplated by this Part to be done by order;

(i) doing any other thing that the Board considers necessary for the prevention of work related accidents, injuries and illnesses.

(3) The authority to make orders under this section does not limit and is not limited by the authority to make orders under another provision of this Part.

188 Contents and process for orders

(1) An order may be made orally or in writing but, if it is made orally, must be confirmed in writing as soon as is reasonably practicable.

(2) An order may be made applicable to any person or category of persons and may include terms and conditions the Board considers appropriate.

(3) If an order relates to a complaint made by a person to the Board or an officer, a copy of the order must be given to that person.

(4) An officer of the Board may exercise the authority of the Board to make orders under this Part, subject to any restrictions or conditions established by the Board.

189 Notice of variation or cancellation

(1) If the Board varies or cancels an order, it must give notice to the employer or other person in relation to whom the order was made.

(2) If the person given notice under subsection (1) was required under this Part to post a copy of the original order or to provide copies of it to a joint committee, worker representative or union, the person must post and provide copies of the notice in accordance with the same requirements.

190 Orders to stop using or supplying unsafe equipment, etc.

(1) If the Board has reasonable grounds for believing that a thing that is being used or that may be used by a worker

(a) is not in safe operating condition, or

(b) does not comply with this Part or the regulations,

the Board may order that the thing is not to be used until the order is cancelled by the Board.

(2) If the Board has reasonable grounds for believing that a supplier is supplying a thing that

(a) is not in safe operating condition, or

(b) does not comply with this Part or the regulations,

the Board may order that supplier to stop supplying the thing until the order is cancelled by the Board.

(3) Despite section 188(1), an order under this section may only be made in writing.

(4) The Board may cancel an order under this section only if it is satisfied that the thing in respect of which the order was made is safe and complies with this Part and the regulations.

191 Orders to stop work

(1) The Board, in accordance with subsection (1.1), may order that

(a) work at a workplace or any part of a workplace stop until the order to stop work is cancelled by the Board, and

(b) if the Board considers this is necessary, the workplace or any part of the workplace be cleared of persons and isolated by barricades, fencing or any other means suitable to prevent access to the area until the danger is removed.

(1.1) The Board may make an order under subsection (1)

(a) if the Board has reasonable grounds for believing there is a high risk of serious injury, serious illness or death to a worker at the workplace, or

(b) if

(i) an employer

(A) has failed to comply with a provision of this Part or the regulations, and

(B) within the 12 month period immediately preceding the failure to comply as set out in clause (A), has failed to comply with

(I) the same provision described in clause (A), and

(II) an order respecting the failure to comply described in subclause (I), and

(ii) the Board has reasonable grounds for believing there is a risk of serious injury, serious illness or death to a worker at the workplace.

(1.2) If the Board makes an order under subsection (1), the Board, with respect to another workplace or any part of another workplace whose employer is the same as the employer at the workplace or any part of the workplace in respect of which the order under subsection (1) was made, may make an order, in accordance with subsections (1.3) and (1.4),

(a) that

(i) work at the other workplace or any part of the other workplace stop until the order to stop work is cancelled by the Board, and

(ii) if the Board considers this is necessary, the other workplace or any part of the other workplace be cleared of persons and isolated by barricades, fencing or any other means suitable to prevent access to the area until the danger is removed, or

(b) prohibiting the employer from starting work at the other workplace or any part of the other workplace.

(1.3) The Board may make an order under subsection (1.2) if the Board has reasonable grounds for believing,

(a) with respect to an order made under subsection (1.2) (a), that, at the other workplace or any part of the other workplace in respect of which that order is made, the same or similar unsafe working or workplace conditions exist as at the workplace or any part of the workplace in respect of which the order under subsection (1) was made, or

(b) with respect to an order made under subsection (1.2) (b), that, at the other workplace or any part of the other workplace in respect of which that order is made, the same or similar unsafe working or workplace conditions would exist as at the workplace or any part of the workplace in respect of which the order under subsection (1) was made.

(1.4) In making an order under subsection (1.2), the Board is not required to specify the address of the other workplace or any part of the other workplace in respect of which the order is made.

(2) If an order is made under subsection (1)(b) or (1.2)(a)(ii), an employer, supervisor or other person must not require or permit a worker to enter the workplace or part of the workplace that is the subject of the order, except for the purpose of doing work that is necessary or required to remove the danger or the hazard and only if the worker

(a) is protected from the danger or the hazard, or

(b) is qualified and properly instructed in how to remedy the unsafe condition with minimum risk to the worker's own health or safety.

(3) Despite section 188 (1), an order under this section

(a) may only be made in writing, and

(b) must be served on the employer, supervisor or other person having apparent supervision of the work or the workplace.

(4) An order under this section expires 72 hours after it is made, unless the order has been confirmed in writing by the Board.

192 Effect of orders on workers

(1) If, as a result of an order made under section 190 or 191, a worker is temporarily laid off, the employer must pay the worker the amount the worker would have earned or, if this cannot be readily determined, the amount the worker would have been likely to earn,

(a) for the day on which the order came into effect and for the next 3 working days during which the order is in effect, or

(b) for a longer period, if this is provided under a collective agreement.

(2) Nothing in this section prevents workers affected by an order referred to in subsection (1) from being assigned to reasonable alternative work during the time that the order is in effect.

193 Posting of orders by officer

(1) An officer may

(a) post at a workplace, or

(b) attach to any product, tool, equipment, machine, device or other thing,

a copy of an order or a notice related to that order.

(2) An order posted or attached under subsection (1) must not be removed except

(a) in accordance with the order, or

(b) by an officer or a person authorized by an officer.

194 Compliance reports

(1) An order may include a requirement for compliance reports in accordance with this section.

(2) The employer or other person directed by an order under subsection (1) must prepare a compliance report that specifies

(a) what has been done to comply with the order, and

(b) if compliance has not been achieved at the time of the report, a plan of what will be done to comply and when compliance will be achieved.

(3) If a compliance report includes a plan under subsection (2) (b), the employer or other person must also prepare a follow-up compliance report when compliance is achieved.

(4) In the case of compliance reports prepared by an employer, the employer must

(a) post a copy of the original report and any follow-up compliance reports at the workplace in the places where the order to which it relates are posted,

(b) provide a copy of the reports to the joint committee or worker health and safety representative, as applicable,

(c) if the reports relate to a workplace where workers of the employer are represented by a union, send a copy to the union, and

(d) if required by the Board, send a copy of the reports to the Board.

195 Suspension or cancellation of certificates

(1) If the Board has reasonable grounds for believing that a person who holds a certificate issued under this Part or the regulations has breached a term or condition of the certificate or has otherwise contravened a provision of this Part or the regulations, the Board may, by order,

(a) cancel or suspend the certificate, or

(b) place a condition on the use of that certificate that the Board considers is necessary in the circumstances.

(2) An order under this section suspending a certificate must specify the length of time that the suspension is in effect or the condition that must be met before the suspension is no longer in effect.

196 Administrative Penalties – higher maximum amount

(1) The Board may, by order, impose on an employer an administrative penalty under this section if the Board is satisfied on a balance of probabilities that

(a) the employer has failed to take sufficient precautions for the prevention of work related injuries or illnesses,

(b) the employer has not complied with this Part, the regulations or an applicable order, or

(c) the employer's workplace or working conditions are not safe.

(2) An administrative penalty which is greater than $637,415.60 must not be imposed under this section.

(3) An administrative penalty under this section must not be imposed on an employer if the employer establishes that the employer exercised due diligence to prevent the circumstances described in subsection (1).

(4) If an employer requests under section 96.2 a review of a decision under subsection (1), the employer must

(a) post a copy of the request for review at the workplace to which the administrative penalty relates,

(b) provide a copy of the request for review to the joint committee or worker health and safety representative, as applicable, and

(c) if the workers at the workplace to which the administrative penalty relates are represented by a union, provide a copy of the request for review to the union.

(5) An employer who has been ordered to pay an administrative penalty under this section must pay the amount of the penalty to the Board for deposit into the accident fund.

(6) If an administrative penalty under this section is reduced or cancelled by a Board decision, on a review requested under section 96.2 or on an appeal to the appeal tribunal under Part 4, the Board must

(a) refund the required amount to the employer out of the accident fund, and

(b) pay interest on that amount calculated in accordance with the policies of the board of directors.

(7) If an administrative penalty under this section is imposed on an employer, the employer must not be prosecuted under this Act in respect of the same facts and circumstances upon which the Board based the administrative penalty.

196.1 Administrative penalties – lower maximum amount

(1) The Board may, by order, impose on an employer an administrative penalty prescribed by a regulation of the Board, which penalty must not be more than $1 025.42, if the Board is satisfied on a balance of probabilities that the employer has failed to comply with a provision of this Part, or the regulations, as specified by a regulation of the Board.

(2) If an employer requests under section 96.2 a review of a decision made under subsection (1) of this section, the employer must

(a) post a copy of the request for review at the workplace to which the administrative penalty relates,

(b) provide a copy of the request for review to the joint committee or worker health and safety representative, as applicable, and

(c) if the workers at the workplace to which the administrative penalty relates are represented by a union, provide a copy of the request for review to the union.

(3) An employer who has been ordered to pay an administrative penalty under this section must pay the amount of the penalty to the Board for deposit into the accident fund.

(4) If an administrative penalty under this section is reduced or cancelled by a Board decision, or on a review requested under section 96.2, the Board must refund the required amount to the employer out of the accident fund.

Section 197 [Repealed]

198 Court injunction

(1) On application of the Board and on being satisfied that there are reasonable grounds to believe that a person

(a) has contravened or is likely to contravene this Part, the regulations or an order, or

(b) has failed to comply with, or is likely to fail to comply with, this Part, the regulations or an order,

the Supreme Court may grant an injunction,

(c) in the case of paragraph (a), restraining the person from continuing or committing the contravention,

(d) in the case of paragraph (b), requiring the person to comply, or

(e) in the case of paragraph (a) or (b), restraining the person from carrying on an industry, or an activity in an industry, within the scope of Part 1 for an indefinite or limited period or until the occurrence of a specified event.

(1.1) For the purposes of granting an injunction respecting a person under subsection (1) (e), a person includes the following:

(a) an individual who is a member of the board of directors of a company as a result of having been elected or appointed to that position;

(b) a person who is a member of the board of directors or other governing body of a corporation other than a company, regardless of the title by which that person is designated;

(c) the chair or any vice chair of the board of directors or other governing body of a corporation, if that chair or vice chair performs the functions of the office on a full-time basis, regardless of the title by which that person is designated;

(d) the president of a corporation, regardless of the title by which that person is designated;

(e) any vice president in charge of a principal business unit of a corporation, including sales, finance or production, regardless of the title by which that person is designated;

(f) any officer of a corporation, whether or not the officer is also a director of the corporation, who performs a policy-making function in respect of the corporation and who has the capacity to influence the direction of the corporation, regardless of the title by which that person is designated;

(g) a person who is not described in any of paragraphs (a) to (f) of this subsection but who performs the functions described in any of those paragraphs, and who participates in the management of a company or corporation, other than a person who

(i) participates in the management of the company or corporation under the direction or control of a shareholder or a person described in any of paragraphs (a) to (f),

(ii) is a lawyer, accountant or other professional whose primary participation in the management of the company or corporation is the provision of professional services to the corporation,

(iii) is, if the company or corporation is bankrupt, a trustee in bankruptcy who participates in the management of the company or corporation or exercises control over its property, rights and interests primarily for the purposes of the administration of the bankrupt's estate, or

(iv) is a receiver, receiver manager or creditor who participates in the management of the company or corporation or exercises control over any of its property, rights and interests primarily for the purposes of enforcing a debt obligation of the company or corporation.

(1.2) For the purposes of subsection (1.1), "company" and "corporation" have the same meaning as in the Business Corporations Act.

(2) An injunction under subsection (1) may be granted without notice to others if it is necessary to do so in order to protect the health or safety of workers.

(3) A contravention of this Part, the regulations or an order may be restrained under subsection (1) whether or not a penalty or other remedy has been provided by this Part.

Part 3 Division 13 - Reviews

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Repealed [B.C. Reg. 320/2002, effective March 3, 2003]

Part 3 Division 14 - Appeals

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Repealed [B.C. Reg. 320/2002, effective March 3, 2003]

Part 3 Division 15 - Offences

• Related Guidelines
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213 Offence to contravene Part, regulation or order

(1) A person who contravenes a provision of this Part, the regulations or an order commits an offence.

(2) If a corporation commits an offence referred to in subsection (1), an officer, director or agent of the corporation who authorizes, permits or acquiesces in the commission of the offence also commits an offence.

(3) Subsection (2) applies whether or not the corporation is prosecuted for the offence.

214 Limits on prosecutions

(1) The time limit for laying an information in respect of an offence is 2 years after the last occurrence of the act or omission on which the prosecution is based.

(2) An information in respect of an offence may only be laid with the approval of the Board.

215 Defence of due diligence

A person is not guilty of an offence if the person proves that the person exercised due diligence to prevent the commission of the offence.

216 Additional defence for workers

A worker is not guilty of an offence if the worker proves that the offence was committed

(a) as a result of instructions given by the worker's employer or supervisor, and

(b) despite the worker's objection.

217 General penalties

On conviction for an offence, a person is liable to the following penalties:

(a) in the case of a first conviction,

(i) a fine of not more than $697 625.60 and, in the case of a continuing offence, to a further fine of not more than $34 881.31 for each day during which the offence continues after the first day,

(ii) imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months, or

(iii) both fine and imprisonment;

(b) in the case of a subsequent conviction,

(i) a fine of not more than $1 395 251.19 and, in the case of a continuing offence, to a further fine of not more than $69 762.56 for each day during which the offence continues after the first day,

(ii) imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months, or

(iii) both fine and imprisonment.

218 Additional penalty to reclaim monetary benefit

(1) On conviction for an offence, if the court is satisfied that monetary benefits accrued to the offender as a result of the commission of the offence, the court may order the offender to pay a fine in an amount equal to the estimation by the court of the amount of the monetary benefits.

(2) A fine under subsection (1) is additional to any fine imposed under section 217.

219 Additional powers on sentencing

(1) If a person is convicted of an offence, in addition to any other punishment imposed, the court may, having regard to the nature of the offence and the circumstances surrounding its commission, make an order doing one or more of the following:

(a) directing the person to perform community service in accordance with the requirements established by the court;

(b) directing the person to pay to the Board an amount for the purpose of research or public education related to occupational health and safety;

(c) directing the person to post a bond or pay into court an amount of money the court considers appropriate for the purpose of ensuring compliance with any prohibition, direction or requirement under this section;

(d) directing the person to submit to the Board, on application by the Board within 3 years after the date of the conviction, any information respecting the activities of the person that the court considers appropriate in the circumstances;

(e) directing that the facts relating to the commission of the offence be published by the Board at the expense of the person convicted, subject to any maximum amount or other restrictions established by the court;

(f) prohibiting the person from working in a supervisory capacity at any workplace for a period of not more than 6 months from the date of conviction;

(g) requiring the person to comply with any other conditions that the court considers appropriate for securing the person's good conduct and for preventing the person from repeating the offence or committing other offences under this Part.

(2) An order under subsection (1) comes into force on the day on which it is made or on another day specified by the court, but must not continue in force for more than 3 years after that day.

(3) If the court makes an order under subsection (1) (b) or the Board incurs publication expenses under subsection (1) (e), the amount or expenses constitute a debt due to the Board.

220 Penalties to be paid into accident fund

On receipt of payment of a fine ordered under this Division, the amount must be transferred for deposit into the accident fund.

Part 3 Division 16 - General

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221 Service of orders and other documents

(1) A document that must be served on or sent to a person under this Act may be

(a) personally served on the person,

(b) sent by mail to the person's last known address, or

(c) transmitted electronically, by facsimile transmission or otherwise, to the address or number requested by the person.

(2) If a document is sent by mail, the document is deemed to have been received on the 8th day after it was mailed.

(3) If a document is transmitted electronically, the document is deemed to have been received when the person transmitting the document receives an electronic acknowledgement of the transmission.

(4) If, through absence, accident, illness or other cause beyond the party's control, a party who acts in good faith does not receive the copy until a later date than the date provided under subsection (2) or (3), that subsection does not apply.

(5) If a notice or document is not served in accordance with this section, the proceeding is not invalidated if

(a) the contents of the notice or document were known by the person to be served within the time allowed for service,

(b) the person to be served consents, or

(c) the failure to serve does not result in prejudice to the person or any resulting prejudice can be satisfactorily addressed by an adjournment or other means.

(6) If the appeal tribunal is of the opinion that because there are so many parties to a proceeding or for any other reason it is impracticable to give notice of a hearing to a party by a method referred to in subsection (1)(a) to (c), the appeal tribunal may give notice of a hearing by public advertisement or otherwise as the appeal tribunal directs.

222 Court orders for access

Without limiting the authority under the Offence Act, a justice may issue warrants for the purposes of this Act as follows:

(a) on being satisfied on evidence on oath or affirmation that a place is used as a workplace, the justice may issue a warrant authorizing an officer or other person named in the warrant to enter the place and conduct an inspection, investigation or inquiry;

(b) on being satisfied on evidence on oath or affirmation that there are in any place records or other things for which there are reasonable grounds to believe that they are relevant to a matter under this Part or the regulations, the justice may issue a warrant authorizing an officer or other person named in the warrant to enter the place and search for and seize any records or other things relevant to the matter in accordance with the warrant;

(c) on being satisfied on evidence on oath or affirmation that access or review of a worker's medical records is reasonably required for the purposes of this Part or the regulations, a justice may issue a warrant authorizing an officer or other person named in the warrant to access and inspect the record in accordance with the warrant.

223 Collection by assessment or judgment

(1) If a person fails to pay an amount owed to the Board under this Part, the Board may,

(a) if the person is an employer, direct that the amount be levied on the employer by way of an assessment, and

(b) in any case, issue a certificate for the amount owed and file that certificate in the Supreme Court.

(2) An assessment under subsection (1)(a) is deemed to be an assessment under Part 1 of this Act and may be levied and collected under and in accordance with that Part.

(3) A certificate filed under subsection (1)(b) has the same effect, and all proceedings may be taken on it by the Board, as if it were a judgment of the court for the recovery of a debt of the amount stated in the certificate against the person named in it.

Part 3 Division 17 - Regulations

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224 Cabinet regulations

(1) The Lieutenant Governor in Council may make regulations referred to in section 41 of the Interpretation Act.

(2) Without limiting subsection (1), the Lieutenant Governor in Council may make regulations as follows:

(a) defining words or expressions used but not defined in this Part;

(b) establishing criteria that must be applied and procedures that must be followed in making decisions under this Part or the regulations;

(c) requiring a greater number for minimum membership of a joint committee as referred to in section 127 (a) and the circumstances when that greater number is required;

(d) establishing additional functions and duties for joint committees as referred to in section 130 (j);

(e) establishing a longer period of educational leave as referred to in section 135 (1);

(f) establishing assistance that must be provided to a joint committee by the employer in addition to the requirements of section 136;

(g) prescribing information that must be included in an occupational health and safety information summary under section 155;

(h) prescribing classes of health professional for the purposes of section 157;

(i) specifying provisions of the regulations of the Lieutenant Governor in Council under this Part for which a variance under Division 9 of this Part may be ordered;

(j) prescribing any decisions or orders under this Act that may be appealed to the appeal tribunal under Part 4, prescribing who may appeal those decisions or orders and prescribing classes of decisions for purposes of section 239 (2) (a);

(k) amending the Act to reflect the deemed amendments under section 25.2;

(k.1) respecting the awarding of costs by the appeal tribunal in an appeal under Part 4;

(k.2) prescribing qualifications of health professionals for purposes of section 249;

(k.3) prescribing the circumstances under which the appeal tribunal may order the Board to reimburse the expenses incurred by a party to an appeal under Part 4;

(l) respecting any other matter for which regulations of the Lieutenant Governor in Council are contemplated by this Act.

225 Board regulations

(1) In accordance with its mandate under this Part, the Board may make regulations the Board considers necessary or advisable in relation to occupational health and safety and occupational environment.

(2) Without limiting subsection (1), the Board may make regulations as follows:

(a) respecting standards and requirements for the protection of the health and safety of workers and other persons present at a workplace and for the well-being of workers in their occupational environment;

(b) respecting specific components of the general duties of employers, workers, suppliers, supervisors, prime contractors and owners under this Part;

(c) requiring employers to prepare written policies or programs respecting occupational health and safety and occupational environment in accordance with the regulations;

(d) regulating or prohibiting the manufacture, supply, storage, handling or use of any tool, equipment, machine or device or the use of any workplace;

(e) respecting standards and requirements for the monitoring of atmospheric or other workplace conditions or to demonstrate compliance with this Part, the regulations or an applicable order;

(f) restricting the performance of specified functions to persons possessing specified qualifications or experience, including establishing certification requirements and establishing or arranging certification and instructor training programs;

(f.1) for the purposes of section 196.1, prescribing administrative penalties or schedules of administrative penalties, any penalty of which must not be more than $1 025.42, but which penalties or schedules of penalties may

(i) vary according to the nature or frequency of the failure to comply or the number of workers affected by any failure to comply, or

(ii) provide for greater penalties for a second penalty and for third or subsequent penalties in a 3 year period or any other period that may be prescribed;

(g) requiring the preparation, maintenance and submission of records respecting statistical data related to occupational health and safety or occupational environment;

(h) respecting the form and manner of reporting on any matter required to be reported under this Part or the regulations;

(i) respecting any other matter for which regulations, other than regulations of the Lieutenant Governor in Council, are contemplated by this Act.

226 Notice and consultation before Board makes regulation

(1) Before making a regulation under this Part, the Board

(a) must give notice of the proposed regulation in the Gazette and in at least 3 newspapers, of which one must be published in the City of Victoria and one in the City of Vancouver,

(b) must hold at least one public hearing on the proposed regulation, and

(c) may conduct additional consultations with representatives of employers, workers and other persons the Board considers may be affected by the proposed regulation.

(2) A defect or inaccuracy in the notice under subsection (1) (a) or in its publication does not invalidate a regulation made by the Board.

227 When Board regulation comes into force

A regulation of the Board must specify the date on which it is to come into force, which date must be at least 90 days after its deposit under the Regulations Act..

228 Ongoing review of Board regulations

The Board must undertake a process of ongoing review of and consultation on its regulations to ensure that they are consistent with current workplace practices, technological advances and other changes affecting occupational health and safety and occupational environment.

229 Minister may direct Board to consider amendment

(1) The minister may direct the Board to consider whether the Board should make, repeal or amend its regulations in accordance with the recommendations of the minister.

(2) If a direction under subsection (1) is made, the Board must consider the recommendations and report its response to the minister.

(3) If the Board does not make, repeal or amend its regulations as recommended, the Lieutenant Governor in Council may, by regulation, make, repeal or amend the regulations of the Board in accordance with the recommendations of the minister.

(4) On coming into force, a regulation under subsection (3) is deemed to be a regulation of the Board.

230 Authority and application of regulations generally

(1) The authority to make regulations under this Division does not limit and is not limited by the authority to make regulations under another provision of this Part.

(2) Regulations under this Part may do one or more of the following:

(a) be made applicable to employers, workers, suppliers and any other persons working in or contributing to the production of an industry;

(b) be different for different workplaces, industries, activities, persons, things or categories of any of these;

(c) delegate a matter to, or confer a discretion on, the Board, an officer or another person.

(3) A regulation under this Part establishing a standard, code or rule may do so by adopting a standard, code or rule

(a) published by a provincial, national or international body or standards association, or

(b) enacted as or under a law of this or another jurisdiction, including a foreign jurisdiction.

(4) A standard, code or rule referred to in subsection (3)

(a) may be adopted in whole, in part or with any changes considered appropriate, and

(b) may be adopted as it stands at a specific date, as it stands at the time of adoption or as amended from time to time.

Part 4 - Appeals

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Note: Part 4 (Appeals) was brought into effect March 3, 2003 by B.C. Regulation 320/2002.

Part 4 Division 1 - Appeal Tribunal

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231 Definitions

In this Part:

"chair" means the chair of the appeal tribunal appointed under section 232(2)(a);

"extraordinary member" means a member of the appeal tribunal appointed under section 232(2)(c);

"members of the appeal tribunal" means the chair, vice chairs and extraordinary members appointed under section 232(2) and temporary substitute members appointed under section 232(10);

"presiding member" means the member of the appeal tribunal chairing a panel of the tribunal;

"vice chair" means a vice chair of the appeal tribunal appointed under section 232(2)(b);

"worker" means

(a) a worker as defined in section 1, and

(b) a person who is deemed to be a worker under Part 1 or the regulations under that Part, or to whom that Part applies as if the person were a worker.

232 Appeal tribunal established

(1) The Workers' Compensation Appeal Tribunal is established.

(2) The appeal tribunal consists of the following members appointed after a merit based process:

(a) the chair appointed by the Lieutenant Governor in Council;

(b) one or more vice chairs appointed by the chair, after consultation with the minister;

(c) any extraordinary members appointed by the chair, after consultation with the minister, with representation from individuals with experience in employers' interests and from individuals with experience in workers' interests.

(3) The chair holds office for an initial term of 3 to 5 years and may be reappointed, after a merit-based process, for one or more successive terms of up to 5 years each.

(4) The vice chairs hold office for an initial term of 2 to 4 years and may be reappointed, after a merit-based process, for additional terms of up to 5 years.

(5) An extraordinary member holds office for the period of time required to discharge his or her duties as a member of a panel appointed by the chair under section 238(5)(b) or (6)(b).

(6) Individuals are not eligible for appointment as vice chairs unless they have successfully completed a merit based process established or approved by the chair.

(7) [Repealed 2004-45-175.]

(8) Before beginning their duties, members of the appeal tribunal must take an oath of office in the form and manner prescribed by the Lieutenant Governor in Council.

(9) The Labour Relations Code and the Public Service Labour Relations Act do not apply to members or officers of the appeal tribunal.

(10) Despite subsections (3) to (5), if a member of the appeal tribunal is absent or incapacitated for an extended period of time or expects to be absent for an extended period of time,

(a) the Lieutenant Governor in Council, if the member is the chair, or

(b) the chair, if the member is a vice chair or extraordinary member,

may appoint another person, who would otherwise be qualified for appointment as a member, to replace the member until the member returns to full duty or the member's term expires, whichever comes first.

(11) The appointment of a person to replace a member under subsection (10) is not affected by the member returning to less than full duty.

233 End of appointment

(1) A member of the appeal tribunal may resign at any time by giving written notice to the chair or, in the case of the chair, to the minister.

(2) If a member resigns or their appointment expires, the chair may authorize that individual to continue to exercise powers as a member of the appeal tribunal in any appeal in which that individual had jurisdiction immediately before the end of their term.

(3) The Lieutenant Governor in Council may terminate the appointment of the chair for cause.

(4) The chair may, after consultation with the minister, terminate the appointment of a member of the appeal tribunal for cause.

234 Role of chair

(1) The chair is responsible for the general operation of the appeal tribunal.

(2) Without restricting subsection (1), the chair is responsible for the following:

(a) appointing vice chairs and extraordinary members in accordance with any procedures or requirements prescribed by the Lieutenant Governor in Council;

(b) establishing quality adjudication, performance and productivity standards for members of the appeal tribunal and regularly evaluating the members according to those standards;

(c) developing a 3 year strategic plan and an annual operations plan for the appeal tribunal;

(d) establishing any forms, practices and procedures required for the efficient and cost effective conduct of appeals to the appeal tribunal, including

(i) the time periods within which steps must be taken,

(ii) requiring pre-hearing conferences, and

(iii) employing voluntary alternate dispute resolution processes;

(e) making any forms, practices and procedures established under paragraph (d) accessible to the public;

(f) establishing administrative practices and procedures for the effective operation of the appeal tribunal;

(g) providing for public access to decisions of the appeal tribunal in a manner that protects the privacy of the parties to the proceedings;

(h) for the purposes of section 249, establishing a list of health professionals;

(i) presiding over meetings of the appeal tribunal;

(j) establishing panels;

(k) ordering the consideration of related matters in one hearing before the appeal tribunal;

(l) establishing a code of conduct, including conflict of interest provisions, that governs the conduct of the members, officers, employees and contractors of the appeal tribunal;

(m) preparing the annual report of the appeal tribunal;

(n) appointing officers of the appeal tribunal;

(o) for the purpose of judicial proceedings, preparing a certificate attaching the record of the appeal tribunal in the matter of a particular appeal or decision of the tribunal, including any practices and procedures applied by the tribunal.

(3) The chair may exercise any power and perform any duty or function of the appeal tribunal or of a member of the appeal tribunal.

(4) Subject to section 251 (9), the chair may delegate in writing to another member of the appeal tribunal or to an officer of the appeal tribunal a power or duty of the chair and may impose limitations or conditions on the exercise of that power or performance of that duty.

(5) If the chair has delegated a power or duty of the chair and subsequently ceases to hold office, the delegation continues in effect

(a) so long as the delegate continues in office, or

(b) until the delegation is revoked by a new chair.

(6) The chair may designate another member of the appeal tribunal to act in the chair's place during the chair's temporary absence, and while acting in the chair's place the designated member has the power and authority of the chair.

(7) The chair must attend not fewer than 4 meetings of the board of directors each calendar year to exchange information on matters of common interest and importance to the workers' compensation system.

(8) On or before March 25 of each year, the chair must make a report to the minister respecting the appeal tribunal's operations for the preceding calendar year.

(9) The minister may require the annual report referred to in subsection (8) to address specified matters and to be in a specified form.

235 Appeal tribunal staff

(1) Employees necessary to exercise the powers and perform the duties of the appeal tribunal may be appointed under the Public Service Act.

(2) The Public Sector Pension Plans Act and the Public Service Benefit Plan Act apply to the employees of the appeal tribunal.

(3) Despite the Public Service Act, the appeal tribunal may engage or retain consultants and contractors that the appeal tribunal considers necessary to exercise its powers and perform its duties, and may determine the functions and remuneration of those consultants and contractors.

236 Compensation and expenses of members

(1) In accordance with general directives of the Treasury Board, members must be reimbursed for reasonable travelling and out of pocket expenses necessarily incurred in carrying out their duties.

(2) In accordance with general directives of the Treasury Board, the minister must set the remuneration for those members who are to receive remuneration.

(3) For the purposes of subsection (2), Treasury Board may specify different rates of remuneration for different classes of members.

(4) The chair of the appeal tribunal must determine the class to which a member is assigned for the purposes of remuneration.

(5) The Public Sector Pension Plans Act and the Public Service Benefit Plan Act apply to the members of the appeal tribunal.

237 Finances

(1) All money required for the administration and operation of the appeal tribunal must be paid by the government, but on request of the minister the Board must reimburse the government for all amounts so paid.

(2) On receipt of a request from the minister under subsection (1), the Board must pay the amount requested to the Minister of Finance out of the accident fund.

238 Panels

(1) All appeals to the appeal tribunal must be heard by panels appointed under this section.

(2) The chair must establish the panels of the appeal tribunal.

(3) The chair may

(a) terminate an appointment to a panel,

(b) fill a vacancy on a panel, and

(c) refer an appeal that is before one panel to another panel.

(4) Subject to subsections (5) and (6), panels must consist of the chair sitting alone or a vice chair sitting alone.

(5) If the chair determines that a matter under appeal requires consideration by a 3 member panel, the chair may appoint a panel with either of the following memberships:

(a) the chair or a vice chair, acting as presiding member, plus 2 additional vice chairs;

(b) the chair or a vice chair, acting as presiding member, plus one extraordinary member with experience in employers' interests and one extraordinary member with experience in workers' interests.

(6) If the chair determines that the matters in an appeal are of special interest or significance to the workers' compensation system as a whole, the chair may appoint a panel of up to 7 members with either of the following memberships:

(a) the chair or a vice chair, acting as presiding member, plus additional vice chairs;

(b) the chair or a vice chair, acting as presiding member, plus additional vice chairs and extraordinary members.

(7) If a panel is constituted under subsection (6)(b),

(a) there must be an equal number of extraordinary members appointed who have experience in employers' interests and who have experience in workers' interests, and

(b) the extraordinary members must not constitute a majority of the membership of the panel.

(8) A panel has the power and authority of the appeal tribunal in an appeal assigned to the panel under this section.

(9) If a panel consists of more than one member, the decision of the majority is the appeal tribunal's decision, but if there is no majority the decision of the presiding member is the appeal tribunal's decision.

(10) Despite subsections (6) and (7), if a member of a panel constituted under subsection (6) is unable to complete an appeal, the chair may direct the remaining members of the panel to complete the appeal and make the decision of the appeal tribunal.

(11) If a panel is comprised of one member and that member is unable for any reason to complete the member's duties, the chair of the appeal tribunal, with the consent of all parties to the appeal, may appoint a new panel to continue to hear and determine the appeal on terms agreed to by the parties, and the vacancy does not invalidate the proceeding.

Part 4 Division 2 - Appeal Rights

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239 Appeal of review decisions

(1) Subject to subsection (2), a final decision made by a review officer in a review under section 96.2, including a decision declining to conduct a review under that section, may be appealed to the appeal tribunal.

(2) The following decisions made by a review officer may not be appealed to the appeal tribunal:

(a) a decision in a prescribed class of decisions respecting the conduct of a review;

(b) a decision respecting matters referred to in section 16;

(c) a decision respecting the application under section 23(1) of rating schedules compiled under section 23(2) where the specified percentage of impairment has no range or has a range that does not exceed 5%;

(d) a decision respecting commutations under section 35;

(e) a decision respecting an order under Part 3, other than an order

(i) relied upon to impose an administrative penalty under section 196(1),

(ii) imposing an administrative penalty under section 196(1) or

(iii) made under section 195 to cancel or suspend a certificate.

240 Appeal of other Board decisions

(1) A determination, an order, a refusal to make an order or a cancellation of an order made under section 153 may be appealed to the appeal tribunal.

(2) A decision to reopen or not to reopen a matter on an application under section 96(2) may be appealed to the appeal tribunal.

241 Who may appeal

(1) For the purposes of section 239, any of the following persons who is directly affected by a decision of the review officer in respect of a matter referred to in section 96.2(1)(a) may appeal that decision:

(a) a worker;

(b) a deceased worker's dependant;

(c) an employer.

(2) For the purposes of section 239, an employer or an independent operator who is directly affected by a decision of the review officer in respect of a matter referred to in section 96.2(1)(b) may appeal that decision.

(3) For the purposes of section 239, any of the following persons who is directly affected by a decision of the review officer in respect of a matter referred to in section 96.2(1)(c) may appeal that decision:

(a) a worker;

(b) an employer within the meaning of Part 3;

(c) an owner as defined in section 106;

(d) a supplier as defined in section 106;

(e) a union as defined in section 106;

(f) a member of a deceased worker's family.

(4) For the purposes of section 240(1), any of the following persons who is directly affected by a decision or an order referred to in section 240(1) may appeal that decision or order:

(a) a worker;

(b) an employer within the meaning of Part 3;

(c) a union as defined in section 106.

(5) For the purposes of section 240(2), a worker or an employer who is directly affected by a decision referred to in section 240(2) may appeal that decision.

(6) In subsections (1)(c), (2) and (5), "employer" means

(a) an employer as defined in section 1,

(b) a person who is deemed to be an employer under Part 1 or the regulations under that Part, and

(c) the owner and the master of a fishing vessel for which there is crew to whom Part 1 applies as if the crew were workers.

242 How to appeal

(1) A person referred to in section 241 may appeal the decision or order to the appeal tribunal by filing a notice of appeal with the tribunal.

(2) A notice of appeal must

(a) be made in writing or in another form authorized by the appeal tribunal's rules,

(b) identify the decision or order that is being appealed,

(c) state why the decision or order is incorrect or why it should be changed,

(d) state the outcome requested,

(e) contain the name, address and telephone number of the appellant, and if the appellant has an agent to act on the appellant's behalf in respect of the appeal, the name of the agent and a telephone number at which the agent may be contacted during regular business hours,

(f) include an address for delivery of any notices in respect of the appeal, and

(g) be signed by the appellant or the appellant's agent.

(3) If a notice of appeal is deficient the appeal tribunal may allow a reasonable period of time within which the notice may be corrected.

243 Time limit for appeal

(1) A notice of appeal respecting a decision referred to in section 239 must be filed within 30 days after the decision being appealed was made.

(2) A notice of appeal respecting a decision referred to in section 240 must be filed within 90 days after the decision or order being appealed was made.

(3) On application, and where the chair is satisfied that

(a) special circumstances existed which precluded the filing of a notice of appeal within the time period required in subsection (1) or (2), and

(b) an injustice would otherwise result,

the chair may extend the time to file a notice of appeal even if the time to file has expired.

244 No stay of appealed decision

Unless the appeal tribunal orders otherwise, the filing of a notice of appeal under section 242 does not operate as a stay or affect the operation of the decision or order under appeal.

244.1 Appeal rights to workers for decisions pre-dating 2004 amendments

(1) In this section:

"decision" means

(a) a review officer's decision referred to in section 241 (1), (2) or (3),

(b) a decision or an order referred to in section 241 (4), or

(c) a decision referred to in section 241 (5)

made between March 3, 2003 and the date that this section comes into force;

"employer" has the same meaning as in section 241 (6).

(2) Despite section 243 but subject to this section,

(a) a worker,

(b) a deceased worker's dependant,

(c) a member of a deceased worker's family, or

(d) an employer

who is or was directly affected by a decision may appeal that decision to the appeal tribunal by filing a notice of appeal with the tribunal in accordance with section 242 (2).

(3) A notice of appeal under subsection (2) must be filed before expiry of one of the following periods, as applicable:

(a) if the appeal is in respect of a decision referred to in section 241 (1), (2) or (3), 30 days from the date that this section comes into force;

(b) if the appeal is in respect of a decision or order referred to in section 241 (4) or (5), 90 days from the date that this section comes into force.

(4) Section 244 and Divisions 3 and 4 of this Part apply in respect of an appeal filed under this section.

(5) This section does not apply in respect of

(a) a worker,

(b) a deceased worker's dependant,

(c) a member of a deceased worker's family, or

(d) an employer

to whom section 241 applied immediately before this section came into force.

(6) This section may be repealed by regulation of the Lieutenant Governor in Council.

Part 4 Division 3 - Appeal Procedure

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245 Board records and policies

(1) The Board must provide the appeal tribunal with copies of all current policies of the board of directors.

(2) As soon as practicable, the appeal tribunal must notify the Board of an appeal filed under this Part.

(3) As soon as practicable after being given notice under subsection (2), the Board must provide the appeal tribunal and the parties to the appeal with a copy of its records respecting the matter under appeal.

(4) On request of the appeal tribunal and as soon as practicable, the Board must advise the appeal tribunal of a policy of the board of directors that is applicable to the matter under appeal.

(5) As soon as practicable after receiving advice under subsection (4), the appeal tribunal must advise the parties to the appeal of a policy of the board of directors that the Board has advised the appeal tribunal is applicable to the matter under appeal.

245.1 Application of Administrative Tribunals Act to appeal tribunal

The following provisions of the Administrative Tribunals Act apply to the appeal tribunal:

(a) Part 1 [Interpretation and Application];

(b) section 7.1 [validity of tribunal acts];

(c) Part 3 [Clustering];

(d) section 11 [general power to make rules respecting practice and procedure];

(e) section 13 [practice directives tribunal may make];

(f) section 14 [general power to make orders];

(g) section 15 [interim orders];

(h) section 28 [facilitated settlement];

(i) section 29 [disclosure protection];

(j) section 30 [tribunal duties];

(k) section 31 [summary dismissal];

(l) section 32 [representation of parties to an application];

(m) section 35 (1) to (3) [recording tribunal proceedings];

(n) section 37 [applications involving similar questions];

(o) section 38 [examination of witnesses];

(p) section 42 [discretion to receive evidence in confidence];

(q) section 45 [tribunal without jurisdiction over Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms issues];

(r) section 46.3 [tribunal without jurisdiction to apply the Human Rights Code];

(s) section 48 [maintenance of order at hearings];

(t) section 49 [contempt proceeding for uncooperative witness or other person];

(u) section 52 [notice of decision];

(v) Part 8 [Immunities];

(w) Part 9 [Accountability and Judicial Review], except section 59 [standard of review without privative clause];

(x) section 60 (1) (a), (b) and (g) to (i) and (2) [power to make regulations];

(y) section 61 [application of Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act].

246 Proceedings

(1) Subject to any rules, practices or procedures established by the chair, the appeal tribunal may conduct an appeal in the manner it considers necessary, including conducting hearings in writing or orally with the parties present in person, by means of teleconference or videoconference facilities or by other electronic means.

(2) Without restricting subsection (1), the appeal tribunal may do one or more of the following:

(a) and (b) [Repealed 2004-45-183.]

(c) inquire into the matter under appeal and consider all information obtained;

(d) request the Board to investigate further into a matter relating to a specific appeal and report in writing to the appeal tribunal;

(e) require the parties to the appeal to attend a pre-hearing conference to discuss procedural and substantive issues relating to the conduct of the appeal;

(f) require the parties to the appeal to make a pre-hearing disclosure of their evidence, including requiring the pre-hearing examination of a party on oath or by affidavit;

(g) recommend to the parties to the appeal that an alternate dispute resolution process be used to assist in the resolution of a matter under appeal;

(h) require an employer who is a party to an appeal respecting a matter referred to in section 96.2 (1) (c) to post a notice in the specified form and manner bringing the appeal to the attention of the employees of the employer;

(i) request any person or representative group to participate in an appeal if the tribunal considers that this participation will assist the tribunal to fully consider the merits of the appeal.

(3) If, in an appeal, the appeal tribunal considers there to be a matter that should have been determined but that was not determined by the Board, the appeal tribunal may refer that matter back to the Board for determination and suspend the appeal proceedings until the Board provides the appeal tribunal with that determination.

(4) If the appeal tribunal refers a matter back to the Board for determination under subsection (3), the appeal tribunal must consider the Board's determination in the context of the appeal and no review of that determination may be requested under section 96.2.

(5) If a party fails to comply with an order of the appeal tribunal or with the rules of practice and procedure of the appeal tribunal, including any time limits specified for taking any actions, after giving notice to that party the appeal tribunal may do one or more the following:

(a) schedule a written, electronic or oral hearing;

(b) continue with the appeal and make a decision based on the evidence before it, with or without providing an opportunity for submissions;

(c) dismiss the application.

246.1 Evidence admissible in appeal tribunal proceedings

(1) The appeal tribunal may receive and accept information that it considers relevant, necessary and appropriate, whether or not the information would be admissible in a court of law.

(2) Despite subsection (1), the appeal tribunal may exclude anything unduly repetitious.

(3) Nothing is admissible before the appeal tribunal that is inadmissible in a court because of a privilege under the law of evidence.

(4) Nothing in subsection (1) overrides the provisions of any Act expressly limiting the extent to or purposes for which any oral testimony, documents or things may be admitted or used in evidence.

(5) Notes or records kept by a person appointed by the appeal tribunal to conduct a dispute resolution process in relation to an appeal are inadmissible in appeal tribunal proceedings.

247 Witnesses

(1) At any time before or during a hearing, but before its decision, the appeal tribunal may make an order requiring a person

(a) to attend an oral or electronic hearing to give evidence on oath or affirmation or in any other manner that is admissible and relevant to an issue in an appeal, or

(b) to produce for the appeal tribunal or a party a document or other thing in the person's possession or control, as specified by the appeal tribunal, that is admissible and relevant to an issue in an appeal.

(1.1) The appeal tribunal may apply to the Supreme Court for an order

(a) directing a person to comply with an order made by the appeal tribunal under subsection (1), or

(b) directing any directors and officers of a person to cause the person to comply with an order made by the appeal tribunal under subsection (1).

(2) On an appeal, the appeal tribunal may cause depositions of witnesses residing in or out of the Province to be taken before a person appointed by the appeal tribunal in a similar manner to that prescribed by the Supreme Court Civil Rules for the taking of like depositions in the Supreme Court before a commissioner.

(3) Despite subsections (1) to (2), an officer, an employee or a contractor of the Board may only be compelled to give evidence or produce books, papers, documents and things that

(a) relate to the issues in a specific appeal, and

(b) are necessary for the appeal tribunal to address those issues and to make a decision in the appeal.

(4) Despite subsections (1) to (2), a member of the board of directors or an officer, an employee or a contractor of the Board may not be compelled to give evidence or produce books, papers, documents and things respecting the development or adoption of the policies of the board of directors.

248 Deemed employer

(1) Subject to subsections (2) and (3), for the purposes of a specific appeal, if the employer has ceased to be an employer within the meaning of Part 1, the appeal tribunal may deem an employers' adviser within the meaning of section 94 or an organized group of employers to be the employer.

(2) An organized group of employers may be recognized by the appeal tribunal for the purposes of subsection (1) only if the organized group includes among its members employers in the subclass of industry to which the employer who has ceased to be an employer belonged.

(3) If, for the purposes of the review under section 96.2 of a decision respecting a specific matter, an organized group of employers or an employers' adviser was deemed to be the employer, the group or employers' adviser, as the case may be, is deemed to be the employer for the purposes of appealing the review officer's decision in that matter and participating in the appeal.

249 Health professional assistance

(1) In this section, "health professional" means a medical practitioner, a person entitled to practise medicine under the laws of another jurisdiction or any other person with prescribed qualifications.

(2) The chair must establish a list of health professionals who may be retained to provide independent assistance or advice on the request of the appeal tribunal in an appeal.

(3) The list established by the chair under subsection (2) must not include any person who is employed by the Board.

(4) After taking into account any fee schedule established by the Board for services provided by health professionals, the chair may determine the terms and conditions, including remuneration and reimbursement of expenses, under which a health professional may be retained by the appeal tribunal under this section.

(5) Except with the written consent of the parties to the appeal, the appeal tribunal must not retain a health professional to provide independent assistance or advice in respect of a specific appeal if the health professional

(a) has previously examined the worker whose claim is the subject of the appeal,

(b) is treating or has previously treated the worker,

(c) has been consulted in the treatment of the worker,

(d) has acted as a consultant to the employer,

(e) is a partner of or practises with a health professional described in this subsection, or

(f) is otherwise in circumstances that could result in a reasonable apprehension of bias.

(6) If the appeal tribunal determines that independent assistance or advice from a health professional would assist in reaching a decision on an appeal, the presiding member may retain a health professional from the list described in subsection (2) to provide such assistance or advice.

(7) When a health professional is retained under subsection (6), the presiding member must set the terms of reference for the advice, including requiring a written report, setting any time periods for providing the report and specifying any questions to be answered in the report.

(8) If the health professional retained under subsection (6) considers it necessary to examine a worker in order to provide the independent assistance or advice set out in the terms of reference under subsection (7), the health professional may require the worker to attend for an examination by giving the worker written notice.

(9) If the worker fails to present himself or herself for the examination required under subsection (8) or obstructs that examination without reasonable cause, the appeal tribunal may, after giving notice to the worker, do one or more of the following:

(a) direct the health professional to reschedule the examination of the worker and give the worker notice of the rescheduled examination;

(b) direct the health professional to provide a report without examining the worker;

(c) make a determination that the worker has abandoned the appeal.

(10) The appeal tribunal must give a copy of the health professional's written report to the parties to the appeal.

(11) The parties to an appeal may make submissions to the appeal tribunal in respect of the report provided to them under subsection (10).

(12) The appeal tribunal may suspend an appeal until a health professional's report to be provided under this section in respect of that appeal is received by the appeal tribunal.

(13) Subsection (5) does not prohibit the appeal tribunal in an appeal

(a) from requesting a health professional to provide it with medical evidence or to clarify or interpret medical evidence previously provided by the health professional, or

(b) from compensating the health professional for the services described in paragraph (a).

(14) Evidence or advice given under subsection (13) is not independent assistance or advice within the meaning of this section.

250 Appeal tribunal decision-making

(1) The appeal tribunal may consider all questions of fact and law arising in an appeal, but is not bound by legal precedent.

(2) The appeal tribunal must make its decision based on the merits and justice of the case, but in so doing the appeal tribunal must apply a policy of the board of directors that is applicable in that case.

(3) Despite subsection (1), the appeal tribunal is bound by a prior decision of a panel appointed under section 238(6) unless

(a) the specific circumstances of the matter under appeal are clearly distinguishable from the circumstances addressed in the prior decision,

(b) subsequent to the prior decision, a policy of the board of directors that the panel relied upon in the prior decision was repealed, replaced or revised, or

(c) the prior decision has been overruled under subsection (3.1) of this section.

(3.1) Despite subsection (3), a panel appointed under section 238 (6) may overrule a prior decision of another panel appointed under that section.

(4) If the appeal tribunal is hearing an appeal respecting the compensation of a worker and the evidence supporting different findings on an issue is evenly weighted in that case, the appeal tribunal must resolve that issue in a manner that favours the worker.

251 Application of policies of board of directors

(1) The appeal tribunal may refuse to apply a policy of the board of directors only if the policy is so patently unreasonable that it is not capable of being supported by the Act and its regulations.

(2) If, in an appeal, the appeal tribunal considers that a policy of the board of directors should not be applied, that issue must be referred to the chair and the appeal proceedings must be suspended until the chair makes a determination under subsection (4) or the board of directors makes a determination under subsection (6), as the case may be.

(3) As soon as practicable after an issue is referred under subsection (2), the chair must determine whether the policy should be applied.

(4) If the chair determines under subsection (3) that the policy should be applied, the chair must refer the matter back to the appeal tribunal and the tribunal is bound by that determination.

(5) If the chair determines under subsection (3) that the policy should not be applied, the chair must

(a) send a notice of this determination, including the chair's written reasons, to the board of directors, and

(b) suspend any other appeal proceedings that are pending before the appeal tribunal and that the chair considers to be affected by the same policy until the board of directors makes a determination under subsection (6).

(6) Within 90 days after receipt of a notice under subsection (5) (a), the board of directors must review the policy and determine whether the appeal tribunal may refuse to apply it under subsection (1).

(7) On a review under subsection (6), the board of directors must provide the following with an opportunity to make written submissions:

(a) the parties to the appeal referred to in subsection (2);

(b) the parties to any appeals that were pending before the appeal tribunal on the date the chair sent a notice under subsection (5) (a) and that were suspended under subsection (5) (b).

(8) After the board of directors makes a determination under subsection (6), the board of directors must refer the matter back to the appeal tribunal, and the appeal tribunal is bound by that determination.

(9) The chair must not make a general delegation of his or her authority under subsection (3), (4) or (5), but if the chair believes there may be a reasonable apprehension of bias the chair may delegate this authority to a vice chair or to a panel of the appeal tribunal for the purposes of a specific appeal.

252 Suspension of appeal proceedings

(1) On application of the appellant or on the chair's own initiative, the chair may suspend appeal proceedings if a Board's decision respecting a matter that is related to the appeal is pending.

(2) Within 30 days after the Board's decision referred to in subsection (1) is made, the appellant may request the appeal tribunal to continue the appeal proceedings and, on receipt of that request, the appeal tribunal must continue the proceedings.

(3) If the appellant requests the appeal tribunal to continue the appeal proceedings before the Board's decision referred to in subsection (1) is made, the chair may

(a) direct the appeal tribunal to continue the proceedings, or

(b) continue the suspension until the Board's decision is made.

(4) On application, and where the chair is satisfied that

(a) special circumstances existed which precluded the making of a request within the time required in subsection (2), and

(b) an injustice would otherwise result,

the chair may extend the time to make a request under subsection (2) even if the time to make the request has expired.

253 Decision

(1) On an appeal, the appeal tribunal may confirm, vary or cancel the appealed decision or order.

(2) Despite subsection (1), on an appeal under section 240 (2), the appeal tribunal may make one of the following decisions:

(a) the matter that is the subject of the application under section 96 (2) must be reopened;

(b) the matter that is the subject of the application under section 96 (2) may not be reopened.

(3) The appeal tribunal's final decision on an appeal must be made in writing with reasons.

(4) Subject to any suspensions of the appeal proceedings permitted under this Part, the appeal tribunal must make its final decision on an appeal

(a) within 180 days after the appeal tribunal receives a copy of the records provided under section 245 (3) respecting the matter under appeal, or

(b) if a shorter time period is prescribed by the Lieutenant Governor in Council, within that shorter time period.

(5) The chair may extend the applicable time period under subsection (4) if

(a) the complexity of the proceedings in the appeal or of the matter under appeal makes the time period impractical, or

(b) the appellant requests a delay in the proceedings to submit new evidence or make additional submissions.

(6) If the appellant has requested a delay for a reason referred to in subsection (5) (b), the chair may extend the time for not more than 45 days.

(7) If the time is extended under subsection (6), the chair, on application, must extend the time for an additional period not exceeding that granted under subsection (6) to allow the other parties to the appeal to submit new evidence or to make additional submissions.

(8) The chair may extend the time under this section even if the applicable time period under subsection (4) has expired.

253.1 Amendment to final decision

(1) If a party applies or on the appeal tribunal's own initiative, the appeal tribunal may amend a final decision to correct any of the following:

(a) a clerical or typographical error;

(b) an accidental or inadvertent error, omission or other similar mistake;

(c) an arithmetical error made in a computation.

(2) Unless the appeal tribunal determines otherwise, an amendment under subsection (1) must not be made more than 90 days after all parties have been served with the final decision.

(3) Within 90 days after being served with the final decision, a party may apply to the appeal tribunal for clarification of the final decision and the appeal tribunal may amend the final decision only if the appeal tribunal considers that the amendment will clarify the final decision.

(4) The appeal tribunal may not amend a final decision other than in those circumstances described in subsections (1) to (3).

(5) This section must not be construed as limiting the appeal tribunal's ability, on request of a party, to reopen an appeal in order to cure a jurisdictional defect.

Part 4 Division 4 - General

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254 Exclusive jurisdiction

The appeal tribunal has exclusive jurisdiction to inquire into, hear and determine all those matters and questions of fact, law and discretion arising or required to be determined under this Part and to make any order permitted to be made, including the following:

(a) all appeals from review officers' decisions as permitted under section 239;

(b) all appeals from Board decisions or orders as permitted under section 240;

(c) all matters that the appeal tribunal is requested to determine under section 257;

(d) all other matters for which the Lieutenant Governor in Council by regulation permits an appeal to the appeal tribunal under this Part.

255 Appeal tribunal decision or action final

(1) Any decision or action of the chair or the appeal tribunal under this Part is final and conclusive and is not open to question or review in any court.

(2) Proceedings by or before the chair or appeal tribunal under this Part must not

(a) be restrained by injunction, prohibition or other process or proceeding in any court, or

(b) be removed by certiorari or otherwise into any court.

(3) The Board must comply with a final decision of the appeal tribunal made in an appeal under this Part.

(4) A party in whose favour the appeal tribunal makes a final decision, or a person designated in the final decision, may file a certified copy of the final decision with the Supreme Court.

(5) A final decision filed under subsection (4) has the same force and effect, and all proceedings may be taken on it, as if it were a judgment of the Supreme Court.

256 Reconsideration of appeal decision

(1) This section applies to a decision in

(a) a completed appeal by the appeal tribunal under this Part or under Part 2 of the Workers Compensation Amendment Act (No. 2), 2002, and

(b) a completed appeal by the appeal division under a former enactment or under Part 2 of the Workers Compensation Amendment Act (No. 2), 2002.

(2) A party to a completed appeal may apply to the chair for reconsideration of the decision in that appeal if new evidence has become available or been discovered.

(3) On receipt of an application under subsection (2), the chair may refer the decision to the appeal tribunal for reconsideration if the chair is satisfied that the evidence referred to in the application

(a) is substantial and material to the decision, and

(b) did not exist at the time of the appeal hearing or did exist at that time but was not discovered and could not through the exercise of reasonable diligence have been discovered.

(4) Each party to a completed appeal may apply for reconsideration of a decision under this section on one occasion only.

257 Certification to court

(1) Where an action is commenced based on

(a) a disability caused by occupational disease,

(b) a personal injury, or

(c) death,

the court or a party to the action may request the appeal tribunal to make a determination under subsection (2) and to certify that determination to the court.

(2) For the purposes of subsection (1), the appeal tribunal may determine any matter that is relevant to the action and within the Board's jurisdiction under this Act, including determining whether

(a) a person was, at the time the cause of action arose, a worker,

(b) the injury, disability or death of a worker arose out of, and in the course of, the worker's employment,

(c) an employer or the employer's servant or agent was, at the time the cause of action arose, employed by another employer, or

(d) an employer was, at the time the cause of action arose, engaged in an industry within the meaning of Part 1.

(3) This Part, except section 253 (4), applies to proceedings under this section as if the proceedings were an appeal under this Part.

258 Payment of compensation

(1) If, following a review under section 96.2, a review officer's decision requires payments to be made to a worker or a deceased worker's dependants, the Board must

(a) begin any periodic payments, and

(b) pay any lump sum due under section 17(13).

(2) In the absence of fraud or misrepresentation, an amount paid under subsection (1) to a worker or a deceased worker's dependants is not recoverable.

(3) If a review officer has made a decision described under subsection (1), the Board must defer the payment of any compensation applicable to the time period before that decision

(a) for a period of 40 days following the review officer's decision, and

(b) if the review officer's decision is appealed under section 239, for a further period until the appeal tribunal has made a final decision or the appeal has been withdrawn, as the case may be.

(4) Subsection (3) applies despite section 19.1, 22 (1), 23 (1) or (3), 29 (1) or 30 (1).

(5) If the appeal tribunal's decision on an appeal requires the payment of compensation, all or part of which was deferred under subsection (3), interest must be paid on the deferred amount of that compensation as specified in subsection (6).

(6) Interest payable under subsection (5) must be calculated in accordance with the policies of the board of directors and begins

(a) 41 days after the review officer made his or her decision, or

(b) on an earlier day determined in accordance with the policies of the board of directors.

259 Payment of interest

(1) The commencement of a review under section 96.2 or of an appeal under this Part respecting a matter described in section 96.2 (1) (b) does not relieve an employer from paying an amount in respect of a matter that is the subject of the review or appeal.

(2) If the decision on a review or an appeal referred to in subsection (1) requires the refund of an amount to an employer, interest calculated in accordance with the policies of the board of directors must be paid to the employer on that refunded amount.

260 Confidentiality obligation

(1) Members of the appeal tribunal and officers, employees and contractors of the appeal tribunal must not disclose any information obtained by them or of which they have been informed while performing their duties and functions under this Part, except as may be necessary to discharge their obligations under this Part.

(2) If information in a claim file or in any other material pertaining to the claim of an injured or a disabled worker is disclosed for purposes of this Part to a person other than the worker, that person must not disclose the information except as permitted in circumstances described in section 95 (1.1).

(3) Every person who violates subsection (1) or (2) commits an offence.