For this current review on IV ketamine in treating CNCP, we sought to answer some questions including:

• The availability and the impact of primary studies published since our second update in 2022 toward the efficacy/effectiveness of IV ketamine in treating CNCP
• The availability of evidence supporting the application of IV ketamine outside of a clinical trial
• The potential efficacy/effectiveness of oral ketamine
• The available IV ketamine protocols
• The populations on which IV ketamine have been observed to be beneficial clinically or functionally in patients with CNCP