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Steps to reduce the risk

  1. 1

    Substitution

    This involves eliminating the hazard by substituting a safer process or material, where possible. It is the most effective control. Some questions to consider:

    • Can a less hazardous material be used?
    • Can a different process be used that generates less of the hazardous substance?
  2. 2

    Engineering controls

    This type of control involves making physical modifications to control the hazard or reduce exposure. Some questions to consider:

    • Can local exhaust ventilation be used to reduce worker exposure?
    • Can the process be isolated so workers are not exposed to the hazard?
  3. 3

    Administrative controls

    This type of control involves changing work practices and policies. Awareness tools and training also count as administrative controls. Some questions to consider:

    • Have workers been trained on the health effects of exposure to the hazards?
    • Are written safe work procedures available?
    • Is there an effective personal hygiene program for workers?
  4. 4

    Personal protective equipment

    This is the least effective type of control. When used, there must always be at least one other control in place as well. Some questions to consider:

    • Are workers using respirators as required by the exposure control plan?
    • Are workers using protective clothing as required by the exposure control plan?

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