Contents
DEFINITIONS AND APPLICATION
G14.1 Elevating Devices Safety Act repealed [Retired]
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
G14.2-1 Standard - Tower cranes
G14.2(3)(c) Alternate acceptable standard
G14.3 Identification
G14.5 Rated capacity indication on bridge cranes
G14.11 Support structure
G14.13 Inspection, maintenance,
and repair
G14.29 Operator protection
EQUIPMENT OPERATION
G14.34 Operator qualifications and competencies
G14.34.1 Operator certification
G14.48(2) Acceptable standard for audio and video communication
MOBILE CRANES, BOOM TRUCKS AND SIGN TRUCKS
G14.64(3) Definition of "duty cycle work"
G14.71 Mobile crane and boom truck annual inspections
G14.72(4) Crane certification during pile driving and dynamic compaction operations versus lifting service
TOWER CRANES
G14.88(5) Alternative means of jib access
CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL HOISTS
G14.96 Light duty portable construction material hoists
Guidelines Part 14 - Definitions and Application
G14.1 Elevating Devices Safety Act repealed
Issued August 13, 2008; Retired consequential to February 1, 2012 Regulatory Amendment
Guidelines Part 14 - General requirements
G14.2-1 Standard - Tower cranes
Issued September 1999; Editorial Revision February 1, 2008; Editorial Revision consequential to December 1, 2021 Regulatory Amendment
Regulatory excerpt
Sections 14.2(6) and (7) of the OHS Regulation ("Regulation") state:
(6) A tower, hammerhead crane or self erecting tower crane must meet the requirements of CSA Standard Z248-2004, Code for Tower Cranes.
(7) A portal, tower or pillar crane must meet the requirements of ANSI Standard ASME B30.4-2003, Portal, Tower, and Pedestal Cranes.
Purpose of guideline
The purpose of this guideline is to clarify the scope and application of CSA Standard Z248-2004, Code for Tower Cranes and ANSI Standard ASME B30.4-2003, Portal, Tower, and Pedestal Cranes.
Application of the Regulation
Both sections 14.2(6) and 14.2(7) set out standards applicable to tower cranes. However, the application of each section is determined by the difference in the "Scope" description in each standard. The scope of the CSA Standard Z248-2004 makes it applicable to all tower cranes, irrespective of use or industry service. The scope of the ANSI Standard ASME B30.4-2003, as it applies to tower cranes, is limited to a tower crane not used in construction.
G14.2(3)(c) Alternate acceptable standard
Issued October 20, 2020
Regulatory excerpt
Section 14.2(3) of the OHS Regulation ("Regulation") states:
(3) A bridge, jib, monorail, gantry or overhead travelling crane must meet the design requirements of
(a) ANSI Standard MH27.1-2003, Specifications for Patented Track Underhung Cranes and Monorail Systems,
(b) Crane Manufacturers Association of America (CMAA) Specifications for Top Running Bridge & Gantry Type Multiple Girder Electric Overhead Traveling Cranes - No. 70 (2004), or
(c) Crane Manufacturers Association of America (CMAA) Specifications for Top Running and Under Running Single Girder Electric Overhead Cranes Utilizing Under Running Trolley Hoist - No. 74 (2004).
Section 4.4(2)(a) of the Regulation states:
(2) When this Regulation requires a person to comply with
(a) a publication, code or standard of the Board or another agency, the person may, as an alternative, comply with another publication, code or standard acceptable to the Board …
Purpose of guideline
Section 4.4(2)(a) of the Regulation provides WorkSafeBC the authority to accept alternative standards to those listed in the Regulation. The purpose of this guideline is to specify the 2015 version of the CMAA No.74 as an acceptable alternative standard under section 14.2(3)(c).
Alternative standard
The Crane Manufacturers Association of America (CMAA) Specifications for Top Running and Under Running Single Girder Electric Overhead Cranes Utilizing Under Running Trolley Hoist - No. 74 (2015) is accepted as an alternative standard.
G14.3 Identification
Issued September 1999; Editorial Revision February 1, 2008
Regulatory excerpt
Section 14.3(2) of the OHS Regulation ("Regulation") states:
Each major interchangeable structural component of a crane or hoist must be uniquely identified and must be legibly marked to enable confirmation that the component is compatible with the crane or hoist.
Purpose of guideline
The purpose of this guideline is to provide information on identification of interchangeable structural components for cranes or hoists.
Identification
This requirement is applicable to, but not limited to, lattice boom mobile cranes and tower cranes. Generally the lattice boom on a mobile crane is made up of several boom sections connected together. The configuration of the boom can be varied to meet the needs of the particular lifting task. The crane manufacturer will specify what components must be used to make up the boom to achieve any particular allowable boom configuration. Some components will be interchangeable, and may be shared between similar equipment from the same manufacturer.
Similarly, a tower crane is made up using tower and jib sections. The configuration of the crane at each setup can be varied, within limits set by the manufacturer, to suit the needs of the location. As with the mobile crane boom, it is possible to interchange components from similar equipment. To ensure that only the components that the manufacturer approves for use with the configuration are used, it is necessary to identify the components.
A catalogue or part number is sufficient for the purpose of identifying compatibility, but there are also strict inspection and certification requirements for these components. Unique identification allows cross-referencing with the inspection or certification documents to ensure the component in use is the component inspected or certified. Ideally, the identifier on each component will be a serial number provided by the manufacturer. However, interchangeable components are usually only identified by the manufacturer with a part number. This satisfies one reason for the requirement (identifying interchangeable components) but not the need to correlate documents to specific components. An additional and unique identifier is required. The identifier must be legible and durable.
G14.5 Rated capacity indication on bridge cranes
Issued September 1999; Editorial Revision February 1, 2008; Revised consequential to May 1, 2017 Regulatory Amendment
Regulatory excerpt
Section 14.5(1) of the OHS Regulation ("Regulation") states:
The rated capacity of a crane or hoist , other than a crane or hoist to which subsection (2) or (3) applies, must be permanently indicated on each of the following:
(a) the superstructure;
(b) the hoist;
(c) the load block.
Purpose of guideline
The purpose of this guideline is to provide information on the term 'superstructure' with respect to bridge cranes.
Rated capacity indication on bridge cranes
With respect to a bridge crane, the "superstructure" refers to the bridge girders. It is not necessary to mark the rated capacity on the crane runways or the supporting structure for the bridge crane runways.
G14.11 Support structure
Issued consequential to May 1, 2017 Regulatory Amendment
Regulatory excerpt
Section 14.11(1) of the OHS Regulation ("Regulation") states:
The rated capacity of a crane or hoist must not exceed the rated capacity of the structure supporting the crane or hoist.
Sections 14.5(1) and (2) of the Regulation state:
(1) The rated capacity of a crane or hoist, other than a crane or hoist to which subsection (2) or (3) applies, must be permanently indicated on each of the following:
(a) the superstructure;
(b) the hoist;
(c) the load block.
(2) The rated capacity of a monorail crane must be permanently indicated on each of the following:
(a) the hoist;
(b) the load block;
(c) the monorail beam, at intervals not exceeding 10 m (33 ft.).
Purpose of guideline
The purpose of this guideline is to provide information on how to comply with section 14.11(1) of the Regulation.
Options for compliance
Installations where the rated capacity of the crane or hoist is greater than the rated capacity of its supporting structure are not compliant with section 14.11(1). The installation cannot be used until section 14.11(1) has been complied with. Among the methods of complying are:
- Replacing the crane or hoist with one having a rated capacity equal to or less than that of the support structure
- Obtaining a certificate from a professional engineer that the support structure has a rated capacity equal to or greater than the hoist capacity, and marking the support structure accordingly
Downgrading the rated capacity of a crane or hoist
Section 14.5 provides that the rated capacity of a crane (except a monorail crane) or hoist must be permanently indicated on the superstructure, the hoist and the load block. It also provides that, with respect to monorail cranes, the rated capacity must be permanently indicated on the hoist, the load block, and the monorail beam at intervals not exceeding 10 m (33 ft.). In addition, section 4.8 states that the rated capacity of a machine is that specified by the manufacturer (or by a professional engineer if the manufacturer’s specification cannot be produced or the equipment or machine has been modified in a manner that will change its rated capacity).
Because cranes and hoists can be inadvertently overloaded, their rated capacity cannot be downgraded by simply posting on them a rated capacity equal to that of the support structure. In order to properly reduce the rated capacity of a crane or hoist, changes must be made in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturer or a professional engineer (refer to sections 4.8, 14.15 and 14.16 of the Regulation).
G14.13 Inspection, maintenance, and repair
Issued September 1999; Editorial Revision February 1, 2008; Editorial Revision April 15, 2021
Regulatory excerpt
Section 14.13(1) of the OHS Regulation ("Regulation") states:
Each crane and hoist must be inspected and maintained at a frequency and to the extent required to ensure that every component is capable of carrying out its original design function with an adequate margin of safety.
Section 14.13(3) of the Regulation states:
Any repair to load bearing components of a crane or hoist must be certified by a professional engineer or the original equipment manufacturer as having returned the component to a condition capable of carrying out its original design function with an adequate margin of safety.
Purpose of guideline
The purpose of this guideline is to provide information about the frequency of inspections and load bearing components.
Frequency of inspections
Inspection and maintenance must be done to the extent and frequency recommended by the original equipment manufacturer or the applicable standard referenced in Part 14 of the Regulation, whichever is more stringent, and as required based on the frequency and nature of use. (Refer to section 14.2(1) of the Regulation for a list of the relevant standards.)
Load bearing components
"Load bearing components" include any component that transfers load through the crane or hoist to the surface supporting the crane or hoist.
G14.29 Operator protection
Issued September 1999; Editorial Revision February 1, 2008; Editorial Revision May 1, 2008; Editorial Revision April 15, 2021
Regulatory excerpt
Section 14.29 of the OHS Regulation ("Regulation") states:
The operator of a crane or hoist must be protected against hazardous conditions such as falling or flying objects and excessive heat or cold that could adversely affect the health or safety of the operator.
Section 26.13.1(1) of the Regulation states:
(1) Protective guards must be provided and used on a self-loading log transporter or similar equipment unless
(a) it is not practicable to do so, and
(b) the absence of guards does not pose a hazard to the equipment operator.
Purpose of guideline
The purpose of this guideline is to discuss the application of section 14.29 to self-loading log trucks under section 26.13.1(1).
Self-loading log trucks
Section 26.13.1(1) of the Regulation provides an exception to the requirements of section 14.29 that is applicable to self-loading log trucks and similar equipment. Under section 26.13.1(1) the equipment may only be used without overhead protective guards if the absence of such guards does not present a risk of injury to the operator.
Guidelines Part 14 - Equipment operation
G14.34 Operator qualifications and competencies
Issued October 28, 2015
Regulatory excerpt
Section 14.34 of the OHS Regulation ("Regulation") states:
(1) A crane or hoist must only be operated by a qualified person who has been instructed to operate the equipment.
(2) A person must demonstrate competency, including familiarity with the operating instructions for the crane or hoist and the code of signals for hoisting operations authorized by the Board before operating the equipment.
Purpose of guideline
An operator of a crane or hoist (including an operator of equipment with a different primary design function that is being used in a hoisting or lifting application) needs to be knowledgeable and competent in assembly, set-up, erection, start-up, shutdown, dismantling, maintenance, inspection, and safe operation, as applicable and relevant to the specific equipment being operated.
This guideline outlines the requirement for the operator to be qualified and competent on the various types of equipment covered under section 14.34 of the Regulation.
The guideline also provides an explanation of the minimum qualifications that must be held and competencies that must be demonstrated by a qualified person before the person is permitted to operate the equipment covered under section 14.34.
The requirements in section 14.34 apply to cranes and hoists of a type required to meet a standard specified in section 14.2 and to any other equipment with a different primary design function that is being used in a hoisting or lifting application (refer also to section 14.1.1). This includes logging equipment that uses a load line for lifting. It does not include a front end loader, an excavator, or other earth moving equipment that is being used
(a) In applications consistent with its primary design purpose, or
(b) During a lifting task incidental to its primary design purpose if the manuals and operating instructions of the manufacturer of that equipment provide criteria for that lifting task.
Qualifications
Equipment may only be operated by a person qualified to do so. This means that the person must be knowledgeable of the work being done, the hazards involved, and the means to control the hazards, by reason of education, training, experience, or a combination of these. Also, the person must have been instructed in how to operate the specific equipment being used. This applies to operation of a crane or hoist, and where other equipment is being used in a hoisting or lifting application. For example, a rotating pipe layer or a side boom tractor is used in a hoisting or lifting application when placing pipes into position. The requirements of section 14.34 of the Regulation apply.
For a mobile crane, tower crane, or boom truck, there are additional operator certification requirements under section 14.34.1 of the Regulation.
Competencies for equipment used in hoisting or lifting operations
Before operating a crane, hoist, or other equipment being used in a hoisting or lifting application, an operator must demonstrate competency to do so, as appropriate to the equipment being used and as appropriate to the operator's responsibilities, including but not limited to the following:
(a) Understanding the information in the equipment manufacturer's operating manual and safety decals, including emergency procedures; understanding the limitations of the equipment (e.g., slopes, terrain, loads, extensions); understanding the applicable requirements of the Regulation
(b) Ability to recognize worksite potential hazards, including overhead, underground, ground conditions (slope/soil/excavation), other trades in proximity, pedestrians, and mobile traffic
(c) Ability to assemble and disassemble the crane or hoist in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and specifications
(d) Selecting the appropriate boom, jib, track/outrigger extension, parts of load line, and counterweight to meet lift requirements and determine the net lifting capacity of this configuration
(e) Knowing, understanding, and properly using the load charts with respect to actual lifting components installed and the configuration being used
(f) Selecting, configuring, and using the controls and control panel, computer, and limiting device functions with respect to the actual machine components installed
(g) Inspecting the equipment components (e.g., pre-operational checks and regular periodic inspections) and performing minor maintenance as required by, and at intervals required by, the manufacturer's specifications, applicable Standard, or the employer
(h) Maintaining the equipment log book with respect to pre-shift inspections and safety checks, and entering any observed defects, operating difficulty, or need for maintenance; reporting required repairs immediately to the employer
(i) Operating the equipment in a proper, safe, controlled, and smooth manner in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications; understanding and implementing safe rigging and lifting procedures
(j) Understanding and using hand signals and radio protocol for hoisting operations
(k) Calculating (as necessary) and understanding lift plans
(l) Understanding critical lift definitions, supervision, planning, and meeting the applicable requirements
(m) Shutting down and securing the equipment when it is unattended
If the assessment reveals any gaps in the worker's knowledge or skills, the employer needs to ensure these gaps are addressed through further training and instruction.
Verification of competence
As part of an inspection by a WorkSafeBC prevention officer, employers may be asked to verify compliance with the requirement that the operator of the crane or hoist is qualified and has demonstrated competence. This verification would entail reviewing records relating to the competency assessment and the qualifications of the operator. The extent of documentation expected would reflect the nature of the crane or hoisting equipment, in particular the size and complexity of the equipment. For example, it is likely to be much simpler to assess competencies of an operator of a small shop crane than it is to assess competencies for an operator of a large warehouse bridge crane.
G14.34.1 Operator certification
Issued January 1, 2007; Editorial Revision May 3, 2007; Revised December 1, 2008; Revised July 9, 2009; Revised March 7, 2011; Revised November 21, 2017
Regulatory excerpt
Section 14.34.1 of the OHS Regulation ("Regulation") states:
On and after July 1, 2007, a mobile crane, tower crane or boom truck must be operated only
(a) by a person with a valid operator's certificate issued by a person acceptable to the Board, and
(b) in accordance with any conditions stipulated on the certificate.
Purpose of guideline
The purpose of this guideline is to identify who is considered "a person acceptable to the Board" and has the authority for certifying crane operators in the province of British Columbia, in accordance with section 14.34.1 of the Regulation.
Types of equipment operators covered
Section 14.34.1 applies to operators of all mobile cranes, boom trucks, and tower cranes with a rated capacity equal to or greater than five tons (4.54 tonnes) and/or with a boom length equal to or greater than 25 feet (7.62 meters) based on manufacturer's specifications. WorkSafeBC considers this equipment to include the following:
Mobile Cranes and Boom Trucks:
As described in
- CSA Standard Z150-1998, Safety Code for Mobile Cranes
- ANSI Standard ANSI/ASME B30.5-2004, Mobile and Locomotive Cranes
- ANSI Standard ANSI/ASME B30.22-2005, Articulating Boom Cranes
Tower Cranes
As described in
- CSA Standard Z248-2004, Code for Tower Cranes
- ANSI Standard ASME B30.4-2003, Portal, Tower, and Pillar Cranes
Crane operator certification
Crane operator certification is administered through the British Columbia Association for Crane Safety (BC Crane Safety). As the administrator, BC Crane Safety is responsible for the certification process; including application, assessment, quality assurance, and maintenance of the certification scheme. BC Crane Safety has the authority to issue crane operator certification in B.C.
Full details on how to become certified as a crane operator are available at www.bccranesafety.ca.
Credential recognition — Other jurisdictions
Crane operators from other jurisdictions must have their credentials validated by BC Crane Safety to receive a certificate acceptable to WorkSafeBC.
Enforcement
On inspections at workplaces, a WorkSafeBC prevention officer may require a crane operator to produce a valid BC Crane Operator Certificate. An employer that permits a non-certified operator to operate a crane will be subject to orders from the prevention officer. In some situations, the employer may be subject to administrative penalties. The non-certified operator may also be subject to orders prohibiting the operator from continuing to operate a crane.
G14.48(2) Acceptable standard for audio and video communication
Issued February 11, 2009
Regulatory excerpt
Section 14.48(2) of the OHS Regulation ("Regulation") states:
Audio and video communication systems used in a hoisting operation must be designed, installed, operated and maintained according to a standard acceptable to the Board.
Purpose of guideline
The purpose of this guideline is to specify an acceptable standard for audio and video communication systems used in a hoisting operation.
Wireless systems
Section 14.48(2) of the Regulation requires that audio communication systems used in a hoisting operation be designed, installed, operated, and maintained in accordance with a standard acceptable to WorkSafeBC. Generally, audio communication in hoisting operations will be conducted using two-way radios. These radio communication systems are to be
- Certified for use in Canada by Industry Canada
- Operated in conformance with all applicable licensing requirements of Industry Canada
- Designed, installed, operated, and maintained by qualified persons
- Single channel radios (as required by section 14.49(2) of the Regulation)
- Designed so that they do not have controls that allow the operator to vary the power output
In addition, operators of such radio communication systems are to check for interference before use, and to cease use if interference is experienced. Radio communication systems designed, installed, operated, and maintained in accordance with these criteria are considered to meet a standard acceptable to WorkSafeBC.
Hardwired systems
In some cases, it may be necessary to use video or audio communication systems that do not use radio frequencies. For example, a tunneling operation where a hoist is used to lower or raise materials through a shaft may find radio communication systems unreliable. In these scenarios, audio or video communication systems can be hardwired. Such hardwired systems are to be
- Designed, installed, operated, and maintained by qualified persons
- Able to immediately indicate any communication failure
- Compliant with applicable codes, bylaws, or legislation governing their design, installation, operation, or maintenance. For example, such systems are compliant with section 60 of the Canadian Electrical Code dealing with electrical communication systems
Hardwired audio or video communication systems meeting these criteria are considered to meet a standard acceptable to WorkSafeBC.
Guidelines Part 14 - Mobile cranes, boom trucks and sign trucks
G14.64(3) Definition of "duty cycle work"
Issued August 16, 2000; Editorial Revision February 1, 2008
Regulatory excerpt
Section 14.64(3) of the OHS Regulation ("Regulation") states:
A crane being used for duty cycle work is exempt from the requirements of subsection (1) if the load applied to the crane is safely below the rated capacity of the crane and if the possibility of an unexpected overload does not exist.
Purpose of guideline
The purpose of this guideline is to provide information on the concepts of 'duty cycle work,' and 'safely below the rated capacity of the crane.' The guideline also discusses pulling and repositioning a pile, and support activities.
Duty cycle work
"Duty cycle work" means the use of a crane to do dragline, clamshell, dynamic compaction, or pile driving work, or with an electromagnet such as for handling scrap metal. Pile extraction using a vibrating pile extraction device is also considered duty cycle work. In duty cycle operations the loads are generally known and/or can be maintained "safely below the rated capacity" for the crane. Pile extraction without a vibrating extraction device is not to be considered within the scope of the exemption of section 14.64(3), as the load applied to the crane cannot be assured of being safely below the rated capacity of the crane.
Safely below the rated capacity of the crane
The phrase "safely below the rated capacity of the crane" means the total load being handled should not exceed 75% of the rated capacity of the crane. The rated capacity of a mobile crane varies with the configuration of the crane, such as the length of boom installed, and the boom angle/load radius. Good craning practice requires the operator to accurately know the weight of the total load to be lifted, and the rated capacity of the crane for the full range of movement of the lifted load. Typically the lifting tasks needed to support duty cycle work should involve loads of less than 50% of the rated capacity of the crane.
Pulling and repositioning a pile
When starting to drive a pile, occasionally the lower end of the pile will drift or move off of its intended position to the extent the crew will need to stop driving that pile, pull the pile back out, and reposition it before resuming driving that pile. Typically the need to do this will arise once or twice a shift, and the decision to pull and reposition the pile will be made before about 10% of the intended pile depth in the ground has been achieved. Pulling a pile in these circumstances is not typically considered a "pile extraction" operation. Generally the friction load from the soil acting on such a short length of a pile which has just been driven should be low relative to the weight of the pile. Provided the total lift needed in these circumstances can be reasonably determined to be safely below the rated capacity of the crane, it may be done by the crane being used for driving the pile without installing a load weight indicating device on that crane.
Support activities
During operations such as clam shell dredging and pile driving there are generally other lifting tasks to be performed to support the pile driving or dredging function. For example, piling material may need to be off-loaded from a truck or repositioned on the worksite or a welder or air compressor may need to be repositioned. Provided such support activities involve lifts of known weight that are safely below the rated capacity of the crane, they may be done by the crane being used for the duty cycle work without installing a load weight indicating device on that crane.
A crane on site not being directly used in the duty cycle application must conform to the requirements of sections 14.64(1) and (2) of the Regulation.
G14.71 Mobile crane and boom truck annual inspections
Issued February 1, 2008; Revised June 10, 2010; Editorial Revision February 6, 2012; Revised June 19, 2020; Editorial Revision consequential to August 22, 2022 Regulatory Amendment
Regulatory excerpt
Section 14.71 of the OHS Regulation ("Regulation") states:
(1) A mobile crane or boom truck must be inspected at least once every 12 months in accordance with good engineering practice to ensure it meets
(a) the crane or boom truck manufacturer's specifications,
(b) the requirements of the applicable design or safety standard specified in section 14.2, and
(c) the requirements of this Regulation
(2) A mobile crane or boom truck must not be used after an inspection under subsection (1) unless a professional engineer certifies it is safe for use on the basis of that inspection.
Section 14.2(5) of the Regulation states:
A mobile crane, telescoping or articulating boom truck or sign truck must meet the requirements of
(a) CSA Standard Z150-1998, Safety Code for Mobile Cranes,
(b) ANSI Standard ANSI/ASME B30.5-2004, Mobile and Locomotive Cranes, or
(c) ANSI Standard ANSI/ASME B30.22-2005, Articulating Boom Cranes.
Purpose of guideline
The purpose of this guideline is to outline some of the factors that should be considered when determining if an inspection has been conducted in accordance with "good engineering practice" under section 14.71 of the Regulation. It also provides information on who is authorized to certify that the inspection has been done and that the crane or boom truck is safe for use.
Good engineering practice
The Engineers and Geoscientists of BC (EGBC), in its professional practice guideline titled Annual Equipment Inspection and Certification in British Columbia, describes the standard of practice that engineering professionals should follow when carrying out equipment inspections and certifications. WorkSafeBC considers following this EGBC guideline as following good engineering practice for the annual inspections and certifications of mobile cranes or boom trucks.
A copy of the EGBC's professional practice guideline can be accessed here - Annual Equipment Inspection and Certification in British Columbia.
Certification
Certification must be done by a professional engineer. If the inspection, assessment, and any necessary repair work are done in B.C., the professional engineer, as required by the Professional Governance Act, must be licensed to practice in B.C. If this work is being done outside B.C., for example in Alberta, the professional engineer must be licensed to practice in that jurisdiction.
Inspection and certification process
The EGBC has defined the annual inspection and certification process for a mobile crane or boom truck in its professional practice guideline titled Annual Equipment Inspection and Certification in British Columbia.
G14.72(4) Crane certification during pile driving and dynamic compaction operations versus lifting service
Issued March 7, 2011
Regulatory excerpt
Section 14.72(4) of the OHS Regulation ("Regulation") states:
A crane used in any operation described in subsection (1) or (2) must not be returned to lifting service unless a professional engineer inspects the crane and certifies that it is safe for such use.
Purpose of guideline
This guideline explains the circumstances where engineering inspection and certification is and is not required under Regulation section 14.72(4).
Background
Regulation section 14.72(4) requires that a crane used for pile driving, pile extraction, or dynamic compaction (foundation-duty cycle work) be inspected by a professional engineer and certified as safe to use, prior to the crane being returned to lifting service. The intention of this requirement is to ensure that the crane is safe for lifting service after the crane has been used in foundation-duty cycle work. This requirement is in addition to the boom inspection and engineering certification required under sections 14.72(1), (2), and (3) of the Regulation. Certification must be performed at least quarterly for crane booms used with a vibratory hammer for driving piles or monthly for crane booms used with a vibratory pile extractor or drop hammer, or used for dynamic compaction.
Activities in support of and ancillary to the foundation-duty cycle work
The following work activities are considered to be in support of and ancillary to the foundation-duty cycle work and do not constitute a return to lifting service. Therefore, these activities may be performed by the crane being used for the foundation-duty cycle work without the engineering inspection and certification required under section 14.72(4).
In each of the following activities, the load may not weigh more than 75% of the rated capacity of the crane
- Lifting and loading a pile into the vertical leads
- Lifting and vertically stacking (positioning) a length of piling onto a previously driven pile
- Material handling, including moving piling, driving frames, equipment, or materials at the worksite, that supports the foundation-duty cycle operation
- Girder launching that is required to advance the crane onto the next bridge span or dock structure (marine or land based). This excludes the sequential placement of multiple spans
Lifting a worker(s) on a work platform suspended from a crane to support the foundation-duty cycle work is also an activity that can be conducted without the crane being "returned to lifting service." With respect to the work platform, Regulation section 13.27 specifies that the weight of the work platform and its rigging, plus the rated capacity, must not exceed 50% of the rated capacity of the crane. Note that other regulatory requirements apply, for example the following:
- Part 13 specifies requirements for the crane, fall protection, trial lifts, and the design and installation of the work platform (WCB Standard WPL 2-2004 Design, Construction and Use of Crane Supported Work Platforms)
- Regulation section 20.102 regulates the use of multiple load lines
- Part 14 specifies requirements for critical lifts
When the lifting is no longer in support of and ancillary to the foundation-duty cycle work being done at a work location, either because the foundation-duty cycle work is complete or it has been suspended for an extended period of time so that lifting work can be performed, or when the crane has been moved to a new work location or work task, the crane inspection and certification specified in section 14.72(4) is required before the crane is used in lifting service.
Guidelines Part 14 - Tower cranes
G14.88(5) Alternative means of jib access
Issued February 1, 2008
Regulatory excerpt
Section 14.88 (Access) of the OHS Regulation ("Regulation") states:
(1) A tower crane must have a fixed ladder installed in or on the mast to provide access to the jib and crown of the crane.
(2) The ladder under subsection (1) must meet the following requirements:
(a) the ladder must be able to support two 1.1 kN (250 lbs.) point loads between any two consecutive points where the ladder is attached to the crane;
(b) there must be a minimum horizontal distance of 15 cm (6 in.) between the rungs and the object to which the ladder is attached;
(c) landing platforms must be provided at least every 9 m (30 ft.) on the ladder;
(d) each section of the ladder must be offset horizontally from adjacent sections or the landing platforms must have trap doors;
(e) if a section of the ladder has a climb exceeding 6 m (20 ft.) in length, that section of ladder must have a ladder safety cage 68 cm to 76 cm (27 in. to 30 in.) in diameter or a ladder safety device must be used.
(3) Each tower crane jib must have a continuous walkway from the mast to the tip.
(4) The walkway referred to in subsection (3) must meet the following requirements:
(a) the walkway must be at least 30 cm (12 in.) wide and constructed with a non-skid surface;
(b) a handline, which is approximately 1 m (39 in.) above the level of the walkway, and a midline must be provided on both sides of the walkway not more than 30 cm (12 in.) out from the edge of the walkway and supported at intervals not exceeding 3 m (10 ft.);
(c) the handline and midline referred to in paragraph (b) must be wire rope of at least 1 cm (3/8 in.) diameter;
(d) if it is not practicable to provide handlines in accordance with paragraph (b), alternative means of fall protection, such as a horizontal lifeline system, must be provided in accordance with the requirements of Part 11 (Fall Protection) and must be set out in the fall protection plan.
(5) If, due to the design or size of the tower crane, it is not practicable to meet the requirements set out in subsections (1) to (4), alternative safe means of access must be provided.
(6) The climbing space of a tower crane mast must be clear of protruding objects and must provide a safe and unobstructed passage.
(7) A written fall protection plan, which addresses the requirements of fall protection when a person is operating, inspecting, servicing and maintaining the tower crane, must be developed and implemented.
Purpose of guideline
The purpose of this guideline is to provide information on
- The functions of the walkway required by section 14.88(3) & (4)
- Possible alternatives where walkways as specified by section 14.88(3) & (4) are not practicable
- An outline of the issues that typically need to be addressed when designing and implementing alternative safe means of access
For some tower cranes it may not be practicable to attach a walkway to the jib in a manner that would meet the requirements of section 14.88(3) & (4). For example, in some cases, there may be a walkway that can extend only as far as the trolley drive assembly, and on others it may not be feasible to fit a walkway at all.
Under section 14.88(5), other options for access can be considered, as long as they provide a safe means of access.
The functions of the walkway
When designing safe means of access as alternatives to walkways it is important to recognize the functions or purposes served by walkways.
The walkway is intended to provide a means of safe access by a worker to all points along the jib. Access along the full length is needed for the purposes of inspections, maintenance, and any repairs on the jib or its support system. The walkway also provides access to the operator's cab, if mounted on the jib. In addition, it may provide an emergency access route if it is necessary to rescue a worker from the jib.
The CSA Standard Z248-2004 Code for Tower Cranes lists the types of inspections that must be done on the components of the crane, and their frequency. Inspections typically done from the walkway include
- Daily inspections of load trolley ropes, load hoist ropes that can reasonably be expected to be used during the shift, and their points of attachment
- Weekly inspections of structural pins and keepers, trolley rollers and tracks, gear shaft and belt drives, sheaves, bushings, pins, all rope attachments, pendant lines, cable clips, thimbles, and ferrules
- Monthly inspections of all running ropes, the jib structure, sheaves, bearings, and mounts
If the crane will be in place for an extended period of time, annual inspections are needed of the jib structure using nondestructive testing methods, all load carrying equipment (including sheaves, blocks, rings, shackles and hooks), and all wire ropes.
Possible alternatives to walkways
When provision of a walkway required by section 14.88(3) & (4) is not practicable on a tower crane there may be a number of other options for inspection and maintenance of components. Examples include
- For self erect cranes, lowering the jib to allow inspection and maintenance of jib components
- Use of an elevating work platform to access the jib area
- Use of a walkway narrower than specified in section 14.88(4), in combination with a horizontal lifeline along the jib
- Use of a work platform (basket) attached to the tower crane trolley, in combination with a personal fall arrest system. Note: European Standard EN14439:2006 Cranes-Safety-Tower Cranes requires both a basket attached to the trolley, and a walkway with side protection or a horizontal lifeline along the full length of the jib.
Issues that need to be addressed with alternative means of access
When designing and implementing a means of alternative access it is essential to ensure issues such as those listed below are addressed. The issues listed under item A would apply in all circumstances. Those listed under item B are more specific to work platforms attached to trolleys. Neither list is intended to be complete as in the final analysis a hazard assessment specific to the equipment needs to be done and appropriate protective measures implemented.
A. Issues of general application
- Communication procedures and equipment that will allow safe use of the access system.
- Assurance that any work platform or walkway used provides firm, non-slip footing.
- The means of compliance with the requirements for personal fall protection in Parts 11 and 13 of the Regulation.
- The means of inspection and certification of the device, in compliance with section 14.77 (Structural inspection) of the Regulation, if the device is part of the tower crane.
- An emergency procedure and means of rescuing a worker in the event that the access system fails, or the worker becomes incapacitated.
- Lockout of the energy supply to the tower crane in accordance with the requirements of Part 10 (Lockout) of the Regulation, as required for inspection and maintenance.
- Where applicable, guarding meeting the provisions of CSA Standard Z248-2004, Code for Tower Cranes, as required by section 14.2(6) of the Regulation.
- Instructions for use of the system and the training of workers.
B. Additional issues specific to work platforms attached to trolleys
- The means of compliance with certain provisions of CSA Standard Z248-2004, Code for Tower Cranes. (Among other things, for trolley systems, the Standard sets out requirements for braking the trolley, the means to prevent the trolley from becoming detached in the event of wheel or axle breakage or sideloading, and the means of stopping the outward movement of the load trolley in the event of trolley drive rope breakage.)
- The design and fabrication of the work platform and the means of attaching it to the trolley. (The platform should be designed and fabricated by the crane manufacturer specifically for the crane on which it is used, and be permanently marked with the manufacturer's information, the rated capacity, a part number, and the number of occupants for which it is designed (at 115 kg (250 lbs)/occupant). The system for attaching the platform to the trolley will need to ensure the platform is securely attached and remains level when occupied. If a platform system is built by another party, it will need to be accompanied by an engineering certificate and drawings that address the engineering issues involved.)
- The means of compliance with section 14.21 (Fenders) of the Regulation. (This section requires that trolley wheels be fitted with fenders or guards if there is a possibility of injury to the worker from contact with trolley wheels moving along the rail.)
- The means of compliance with section 4.58 (Specifications for guards and guardrails) of the Regulation, as it applies to the platform.
- The means of guarding against shearing and entanglement hazards when the platform is traveled along the jib.
- The means of compliance with the requirements of Part 10 (Lockout) of the Regulation so that the platform is immobilized during servicing and inspection of machine parts, and the worker is protected from movement of any equipment while performing work.
- The means of safe access to and egress from the platform.
- The installation, operation, and inspection requirements for the trolley, including any additional requirements for the attached platform provided by the tower crane manufacturer or other applicable party. (Note: The instructions for use are to include a stipulation that no loads are to be handled by the crane while the platform is occupied.)
Guidelines Part 14 - Construction material hoists
G14.96 Light duty portable construction material hoists
Issued May 1, 2013; Revised consequential to May 1, 2017 Regulatory Amendment
Regulatory excerpt
Section 14.96 of the OHS Regulation ("Regulation") states:
(1) Before a construction material hoist is put into use, a professional engineer must certify that
(a) the hoist is safe for use, and
(b) the installation of the hoist complies with
(i) the design criteria for that installation,
(ii) the hoist manufacturer's specifications,
(iii) the requirements of CSA Standard CAN/CSA-Z256-M87, Safety Code for Material Hoists, and
(iv) the requirements of this Regulation.
(2) If, after certification under subsection (1), a modification is made to the structure, mechanical components or control system of a construction material hoist or it is changed through the addition or removal of a support section of the hoist, the hoist must not be used until it is recertified as safe for use by a professional engineer.
(3) Subsections (1) and (2) do not apply to a light duty portable material hoist installed and operated in accordance with the hoist manufacturer's instructions.
(4) A copy of the certifications required in subsections (1) and (2) or the manufacturer's instructions referred to in subsection (3) must be available at the workplace where the hoist is installed.
Section 14.2(8) of the Regulation states:
(8) A construction material hoist, other than a light duty portable material hoist, must meet the requirements of CSA Standard CAN/CSA-Z256-M87, Safety Code for Material Hoists.
Purpose of guideline
Light duty portable construction material hoists are widely used in workplaces throughout the province. While light duty, they may offer ergonomic benefits, increased productivity, and safety when properly installed and used.
The purpose of this guideline is to provide examples of construction material hoists that are typically manufactured to be light duty and portable under section 14.96(3) of the Regulation. The guideline also highlights some of the key requirements that apply to hoists and sets out the relevant sections of the Regulation.
Light duty portable material hoists
Sections 14.96(1) and (2) of the Regulation require that certain certifications by a professional engineer be in place before a construction material hoist is put into use. In particular, a professional engineer must certify that the installation of the hoist complies with CSA Standard Z256-M87, Safety Code for Material Hoists.
These requirements do not apply to "light duty portable" material hoists (section 14.96(3)). These include, for example, track-guided, wire rope, base-mounted drum hoists that are supported by a scaffold, as well as ladder-based hoists, provided the following occurs:
- They are considered by the manufacturer to be light duty portable
- Their original capacity does not exceed 500 lb.
Light duty portable material hoists are also exempted from the requirements of CSA Standard Z256-M87 under section 14.2(8) of the Regulation. Light duty portable material hoists were not intended to be subject to the requirements of that standard. For example, the standard requires hoistway doors to be equipped with locks, while light duty portable material hoists typically do not have doors. Likewise, there are requirements in the standard for counterweights, which are normally not present in light duty portable material hoists. As a result, section 14.2(8) of the Regulation does not apply to light duty portable material hoists.
Key applicable requirements
While CSA Standard Z256-M87 does not apply to light duty portable material hoists, there are still hazards associated with them that need to be controlled. For that reason, all other relevant requirements of the Regulation apply. Some of the regulatory obligations that apply to light duty portable material hoists are set out below (Note: This is not an exhaustive list of all applicable requirements).
Scaffold
- Scaffolds that are used to support a crane or hoist (other than a manually-powered one) must be constructed, installed, and used in accordance with the instructions of a professional engineer (section 13.11(1)(e)).
- The employer must ensure that scaffolds are in a safe condition and are able to withstand the load ( section 13.13).
- The major components of scaffolds must be used in accordance with technical data provided by the manufacturer, or in writing by a professional engineer (section 13.15).
If specifications for use with a construction material hoist are not provided by the manufacturer, then the major components will need to be used in accordance with the written instructions of a professional engineer.
Hoisting system
- The hoist must meet good engineering practice and be able to safely perform its function (section 14.2(15)).
- The rated capacity of the hoist must not exceed the capacity of the structure supporting the hoist (section 14.11(1)).
- The hoist must be installed and operated in accordance with the hoist manufacturer's instructions (section 14.96(3)).
- The hoist must be inspected and maintained in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and the standard(s) it is required to meet, or as specified by a professional engineer (section 4.3(2)).
- The hoist must be inspected and maintained at a frequency, and to the extent required to ensure that every component is capable of carrying out its original design function with an adequate margin of safety (section 14.13(1)).
In the case of track-guided, wire rope, base-mounted drum hoists, this will include inspection and maintenance of components, such as the following:
- Drum
- Wire rope
- Guarding of the area under the carriage
- Shackles
- Pins
- Attachment points
- Sheave
- Track system
- Carriage
- Controls
- Braking system
In the case of ladder-based hoists, this will include inspection and maintenance of components, such as the following:
- Base of the unit
- Set up area
- Electrical connection (if electrically powered)
- Guarding and safety features
- Track or rail connections
- Drive system
- Braking system
- Bracing (if required)
- Carriage and attachments
- Any repair to load bearing components (e.g., carriage, track, sheaves, brakes, etc.) must be certified by a professional engineer or the original manufacturer (section 14.13(3)).
- Records of inspection and maintenance must be kept (section 14.14(f)).
- The manufacturer's manual (or, if not available, an engineer's instructions) must be reasonably accessible to the operator and other persons inspecting or maintaining the hoist at the workplace (section 14.12).
- The employer must ensure that the hoist is capable of safely performing the functions for which it is used (section 4.3(1)(a)).
- The hoist must be selected, used, and operated in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions (if available), safe work practices, and the requirements of the Regulation (section 4.3(1)(b)). For example, this will include the following:
- The use of communication to prevent the unintended removal of the hoist, as well as procedures for guardrail removal while unloading
- Barricading of the area around the hoist base to prevent inadvertent worker entry
- Workers must not ride on the hoist unless it is necessary to do so for inspection and maintenance (section 14.97).
- The hoist must prominently display a notice stating that no person may ride on the equipment, and the net rated capacity of the hoist must be clearly and durably marked on its structure (section 14.98).
- The components of the hoisting system must meet the requirements of all standards that apply under the Regulation.
- All applicable rigging requirements in Part 15 of the Regulation must be complied with.
- All applicable guarding requirements of the Regulation must be complied with to prevent shear and pinch points on each landing (for example, sections 12.2 and 12.12).